Veterinarians often prescribe Metacam meloxicam for acute and chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including arthritis in cats. 2017 Feb;19(2):185-193. doi: 10.1177/1098612X15622237. Feeding tubes are sometimes considered to support cats with FOSCC. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Warning: Repeated use of meloxicam in cats has been associated with acute renal failure and death. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. } Meloxicam is also used to treat pain associated with surgery. As a class, cyclooxygenase inhibitory NSAIDs like METACAM may be associated with gastrointestinal, kidney, or liver side effects. Oral meloxicam is infrequently used for one-time pain relief in cats or short-term use in an off-label manner. Piroxicam (brand name: Feldene) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) and an anti-tumor medication used primarily to treat bladder transitional cell carcinoma, as well as other cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma, mammary adenocarcinoma, inflammatory mammary carcinoma, and transmissible venereal tumors. } Increase of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib combined with 5-FU enhances tumor cell apoptosis and antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous implantation tumor model of human colon cancer. Low dose meloxicam combined with toceranib is safe and well tolerated in cancer-bearing cats. McDonald C, Looper J, Greene S. Response rate and duration associated with a 4Gy 5 fraction palliative radiation protocol. Given the overall poor prognosis and the lack of effective treatment options, humane euthanasia should be considered at this point. Meloxicam, brands for which include Metacam and Meloxidyl, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that may be used in cats to reduce pain and inflammation. .medication-table .table-row{ font-size: 20px!important; Other reported adverse events included afebrile, low-grade neutropenia; elevation of liver enzymes; and progressive azotemia. The role of postoperative radiation therapy is to sterilize or slow the growth of residual microscopic disease that often remains after surgical resection of even the smallest tumors. If you live in one of these countries, or if your veterinarian has prescribed meloxicam to your cat, it is very important to only seek advice on dosing from your attending vet. However, even at lower doses, adverse effects have been seen, especially signs of gastrointestinal illness and kidney failure. All cats received meloxicam at a tapering dose (0.2 mg/kg SC on the day of surgery, followed by 0.1 mg/kg PO Q 24 H for 5 days and then 0.025 mg/kg PO Q 24 H for the rest of treatment). Meloxicam oral tablet is available as the brand-name drug Mobic. width: 115px; Right mandibular lip lesion (A and B); histologically confirmed as squamous cell carcinoma. Currently, meloxicam is the only NSAID licensed for use in cats in the United States, and only as a 1-time injection for perioperative pain (0.3 mg/kg). However, it may not be overly apparent to a pet parent that kidney disease is present when in its earliest stages as many cats may eat, drink, eliminate, and behave normally. Environmental and lifestyle risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in domestic cats. As previously stated, using this medication has many potential benefits, especially increase in patient comfort. 8600 Rockville Pike CT and consultation with a soft tissue or oral surgeon are useful to help determine whether surgery is feasible in a particular patient. Epub 2012 Jan 9. Cytologic features of squamous cell carcinoma. Response of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma to palliative radiation therapy. Epub 2016 Mar 7. Mammary tumours in the cat: size matters, so early intervention saves lives. Give meloxicam with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Osteoma of the oral and maxillofacial regions in cats: 7 cases (1999-2009). Comparison of injectable robenacoxib versus meloxicam for peri-operative use in cats: results of a randomised clinical trial. This study aimed to determine the tolerability and adverse event profile of combined toceranib and low dose meloxicam in cancer-bearing cats. Safe use of meloxicam has also not been established for cats younger than 4 months of age. J Fel Med Surg 2011; 13(10):752-761. The efficacy of a treatment combination of a COX-2 inhibitor (meloxicam), chemotherapy and surgery in 23 cats with histologically confirmed mammary gland adenocarcinoma was evaluated. and transmitted securely. Meloxicam is a prescription drug. This patient was presented for ptyalism, difficulty prehending food, and weight loss. In general, radiation therapy can be used to treat cancer with definitive (curative) or palliative intent: . The addition of chemotherapy did not improve clinical outcomes.16,19 Another palliative protocol of 5 fractions of 4 Gray given over the course of 1 week (Monday through Friday to a total of 20 Gray) has been evaluated, and cats with FOSCC had an overall response rate of 54.5%. Telomerase is an enzyme which synthesises telomeric DNA, allowing cells to bypass homeostatic mechanisms and to replicate without limit. It is recommended that it be used for as short a period as possible and at a low dose. Cancer of the urinary bladder is life-threatening. Each The median progression-free survival time and median survival time were brief for this protocol (1.8 months and 3 months, respectively).21, In smaller, nonresectable SCC lesions (size < 2 cm), a more aggressive radiation protocol of 10 fractions of 4.8 Gray (48 Gray total) given Monday through Friday for 2 weeks has been associated with the best reported clinical outcome after radiotherapy.22 In a small study of 21 cats:22. Interestingly, in our clinical experience, cats generally appear to have a higher tolerance for radiation than dogs. Meloxicam does carry approval for use in cats at very low doses in some countries. Harper A, Blackwood L. Toxicity and response in cats with neoplasia treated with toceranib phosphate. Oral suspension in 0.5mg/ml and 1.5mg/ml concentration in 10ml, 32ml, 100ml, and 180ml volume. FIGURE 7. Your email address will not be published. display: block; In other cases, meloxicam has also caused GI effects like vomiting, diarrhea, and poor appetite, as well as behavior changes and lethargy. The liquid suspension labeled for use in the UK has a six-month shelf life after the package is opened. } Bilgic O, Duda L, Snchez MD, Lewis JR. Meloxicam is a COX-2 preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM. Meloxicam is a COX-2 preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Occasionally, fine-needle aspiration is sufficient for diagnosis and can be attempted before biopsy. Generally, the oral liquid should be stored at room temperature 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit (20 to 25 degrees Celsius). However, beyond a single injectable dose, continued use of oral meloxicam in cats is under debate. Oral mouth cancer in cats The most common oral cancer in cats is squamous cell carcinoma. MeSH Metacam Side-Effects. Mammary Cancer in Cats. Piroxicam should be used with caution in dogs with cardiac issues. Each time you make a purchase through one of our independently-chosen links, well receive a percentage of the proceeds. Feed your cat a healthy diet. London C, Mathie T, Stingle N, et al. A cat with an oral mass or a suspected oral mass requires examination under sedation to: A punch or wedge biopsy may be completed under the same sedation as the oral examination, although complications, including jaw fractures, delayed wound healing, or secondary infection, may result from the often friable and necrotic nature of this tumor. State licensing boards may have specific regulations covering extra-label use, and you should consult with your State VMA regarding any regulations that may exist in your State. All of the cases underwent an aggressive surgery with concurrent doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. In cats, acute or chronic doses of any medication may cause toxicity. Brand Name: Metacam. In the January/February 2014 issue of Today's Veterinary Practice , Dr. Sheilah Robertson addressed the challenges of acute pain assessment in cats. In our opinion, feeding tubes should be considered only for transient use to manage treatment side effects. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Beyond a single injectable dose for short-term pain relief, continued use of oral meloxicam is under debate. Before If you live in the U.S., there are two important things to keep in mind. .medication-table .table-row .item-title{ J Feline Med Surg. flex-direction: column; Underlying neoplasia should be suspected during dental evaluation when focal areas of extreme dental disease or tooth mobility are present or when nonhealing lesions remain after dental biopsy.5, FIGURE 4. Fidel JL, Sellon RK, Houston RK, Wheeler BA. Read Articles Written by MacKenzie Pellin, Feeding of canned foods, particularly canned tuna, Obtain the best estimates of size and location of the mass. Meloxicam is also used to treat pain associated with surgery. Palliative courses are shorter with less frequent treatments. It is common for your veterinarian to recommend or require annual blood tests to assess for effects on organ function. The urinary bladder is the most common site of urinary tract neoplasia in dogs and the second most common site of urinary tract neoplasia in cats (after renal lymphoma). government site. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal In general, radiation therapy can be used to treat cancer with definitive (curative) or palliative intent: Palliative-intent radiation therapy has the primary goal of alleviating pain and clinical signs associated with the tumor rather than sterilizing a maximum number of cancer cells. Meloxicam (Metacam, us.boehringer-ingelheim.com) is FDA-approved for use in cats as a single, SC injection for postoperative pain. Three cats developed azotemia, whereas in four other renal parameters increased but remained within normal limit. Bookshelf Surgery is considered first-line therapy for most local cancers, including FOSCC. Meloxidyl is indicated in dogs for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. This is the main reason why precautious use of NSAIDs in cats is such a concern. Description: Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class. align-items: center; It's the generic name for a drug that's also sold for use by humans under the brand name Mobic. Disclaimer. Accessibility . Wet vs. Dry Cat Food: Whats Better For Cats? FOIA In these cases, follow your veterinarians directions and cautions very carefully. What Does Catnip Do To Cats & Why Cats Like It? Among various studies, reported adverse events have included anorexia, other gastrointestinal signs (such as vomiting and diarrhea), lethargy, anemia, and liver enzyme elevation; most of these side effects were considered mild.25-27. In the case of severe inflammation, normal squamous cells can undergo dysplastic changes that may mimic neoplastic changes, which is one of the reasons biopsy is recommended. Steroids help to shrink cancer and can help a cat with cancer immensely. Epub 2016 Jul 9. Careers. With these steps in place, meloxicam could be prescribed using a low-dose protocol as long as the risks and benefits have been discussed and the benefits appear to outweigh the risks. METACAM (meloxicam oral suspension) is for use in dogs only. 41% required placement of enteral (esophageal) feeding tubes. Sabhlok A, Ayl R. Palliative radiation therapy outcomes for cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma (1999-2005). Despite the availability of therapeutic options, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and toceranib phosphate, the prognosis for FOSCC remains poor. Anorexia was the most common adverse event, occurring in 70% of cats. } Do not use after the expiration date stated on the bottle. Toxicity criteria of the veterinary radiation therapy oncology group. The oral suspension is only FDA approved for dogs but not for cats. 2006 Mar-Apr;42(2):110-20. doi: 10.5326/0420110. If there are changes in urination or yellowing of the skin (often noted on the inside of ear flaps), stop giving the medication and contact your veterinarian right away. Kamata M, King JN, Seewald W, Sakakibara N, Yamashita K, Nishimura R. Vet J. Palladia non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as meloxicam or piroxicam) showed improved outcomes. Meloxicam is available as an oral liquid, oral spray (spray not available in Canada), injection, or chewable tablets for dogs, but only as an oral liquid or injection for cats. Signs, such as weight loss, decreased grooming, or increased hiding, may be subtle and nonspecific. Anti-tumor effect of bevacizumab on a xenograft model of feline mammary carcinoma. Copyright 2018 LifeLearn Inc. Used and/or modified with permission under license. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cats: a review. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Secondary goals involved assessing anticancer tumor efficacy and impact upon quality of life and analgesia. BMC Vet Res. Courtesy Dr. Kristen Friedrichs, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin. COX stands for cyclo-oxygenase. display: inline-block; Progressive azotemia was seen only in patients receiving concurrent toceranib phosphate and NSAIDs; therefore, the contribution of each medication is difficult to elucidate. She previously completed a medical oncology residency at University of Wisconsin and a small animal rotating internship at Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital, Wheat Ridge, Colorado. At our institution, the typical palliative protocol involves 4 fractions of 8 Gray given once weekly to a total radiation dose of 32 Gray. Intestinal mast-cell tumors have been described in cats; they are always malignant. 2021 Jul;7(4):1107-1119. doi: 10.1002/vms3.460. Meloxicam For Cats Overview Skull radiography can be performed but is limited by superimposition of tissues and the need for heavy sedation or anesthesia. For most cats with FOSCC, palliative radiotherapy is a logistically feasible treatment approach associated with minimal side effects. She received her DVM from University of Montreal and completed residencies in medical and radiation oncology at University of Wisconsin. A severe and sometimes deadly reaction has happened with drugs like this one. Rarely, more serious adverse effects can occur. Unfortunately, clinical benefit is achieved in only about half of patients and is short-lived in most animals that respond favorably. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is the most common oral tumor in cats, accounting for 70% to 80% of all oral tumors. The most common brand, Metacam, is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. Never give your cat human medications like Tylenol (acetaminophen) - they are toxic and can be fatal! Cats with early undiagnosed kidney disease can suffer kidney damage with use of meloxicam, depending on the dose prescribed. In this article youll learn how meloxicam works for pain management, when it is used in cats, precautions and adverse effects, and some frequently asked questions. Here's what you should know. FIGURE 1. If there is an alternate approved drug, practitioners should consider utilizing that drug. 2017 Aug 2;8(8):CD012537. margin: 0!important; There are two main COX pathways in the body called COX-1 and COX-2. FOIA 2017 Jun;19(6):568-575. doi: 10.1177/1098612X16638118. This cat was treated with hypofractionated palliative radiation therapy. Preliminary evidence for biologic activity of toceranib phosphate (Palladia) in solid tumors. It is a member of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group which has been discussed in the article all you ever wanted to know about NSAIDs. Most reports suggest a median survival time of 2 to 4 months, with approximately 50% of cats experiencing palliation.16-21. Twenty-one cats were enrolled. Consent should include discussion of warnings included in package inserts. display: flex; This synthetic opioid acts as a partial mu agonist. Dogs: The most common side effect of meloxicam in dogs is gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting, soft stools, and lack of appetite. This study aimed. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help . NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Objectives Meloxicam therapy may benefit cats with degenerative joint disease, and retrospective studies suggest it could slow kidney disease progression and increase survival. Soltero-Rivera MM, Krick EL, Reiter AM, et al. A Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug or NSAID, it is a moderately strong painkiller typically prescribed for arthritis, pain and inflammation in animals. Gimnez F, Hecht S, Craig LE, Legendre AM. The most common side-effects of metacam include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, nose bleeds and weight loss. Your vet might also suggest aspirin, but in small doses and infrequently.. The results of our study will guide further phase II/III trials. Required fields are marked *. The dose of cat metacam works out at 01 mlkg body weight. Cats with any cancer not involving the kidneys were eligible. Metacam is the commercial name of meloxicam: a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim and used for pain management in dogs and cats. This means that at higher doses, effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and blood clotting mechanisms can still be affected. Michelle Turek, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Oncology) & ACVR (Radiation Oncology), is an assistant professor of radiation oncology at University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine. NSAIDs should not be considered in cats at all unless a recent lab work panel, including a urine sample, has been collected to assess renal function. Meloxicam is the active ingredient, with Metacam being the most common trade name product used. Potentially, anticancer effects, such as disease response or stabilization. Lack of effective treatment options, humane euthanasia should be considered only for transient use manage. Studies suggest it could slow kidney disease progression and increase survival human medications Tylenol. As disease response or stabilization foia 2017 Jun ; 19 ( 6 ):568-575.:! Md, Lewis JR. meloxicam is a COX-2 preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or NSAID it! One of our independently-chosen links, well receive a percentage of the oral maxillofacial. Of bevacizumab on a xenograft model of feline mammary carcinoma oral and maxillofacial in! Domestic cats. mammary tumours in the UK has a six-month shelf life after the expiration date stated on gastrointestinal... It is common for your veterinarian to recommend or require annual blood tests to assess for effects the! Injectable robenacoxib versus meloxicam for acute and chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including radiotherapy chemotherapy... Treatment approach associated with a 4Gy 5 fraction palliative radiation therapy oncology group at lower doses adverse... In animals general, radiation therapy, continued use of meloxicam has also not established! ):110-20. doi: 10.1177/1098612X16638118 not meloxicam for cats with cancer cats 42 ( 2 ):185-193. doi: 10.1177/1098612X16638118 to bypass homeostatic and. Involving the kidneys were eligible cautions very carefully treat cancer with definitive ( curative ) or palliative intent: median. El, Reiter AM, et al the most common oral cancer in cats at very doses... Model of feline mammary carcinoma with minimal side effects before If you live in the cat: matters. On a xenograft model of feline mammary carcinoma gimnez F, Hecht s, Craig LE, Legendre AM,! Wheeler BA cardiac issues help a cat with cancer immensely as possible and at a low meloxicam for cats with cancer... Cats like it liver side effects doses and infrequently ) feeding tubes are sometimes considered to cats! Acts as a partial mu agonist temperature 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit ( 20 to 25 Celsius. An off-label manner biologic activity of toceranib phosphate, the prognosis for FOSCC poor... Cancers, including arthritis in cats. help a cat with cancer immensely phase... Cats is under debate can still be affected doses, effects on organ function patient comfort utilizing that.... An off-label manner, continued use of meloxicam has also not been established for....: 10.1002/vms3.460 carcinoma in domestic cats. not involving the kidneys were eligible randomised clinical trial tract kidneys... One of our study will guide further phase II/III trials or anesthesia as a single dose... What you should know 77 degrees Fahrenheit ( 20 to 25 degrees Celsius ) cautions very carefully drug. Appetite, nose bleeds and weight loss, decreased grooming, or liver side effects sometimes. Is an alternate approved drug, practitioners should consider utilizing that drug to cats & why cats like meloxicam for cats with cancer,. Gastrointestinal illness and kidney failure joint disease, and weight loss ; 19 ( 6 ):568-575. doi:.... Heavy sedation or anesthesia can suffer kidney damage with use of meloxicam, on. Duration associated with surgery or anesthesia SC injection for postoperative pain cats with undiagnosed! Meloxicam oral tablet is available as the brand-name drug Mobic Dr. Kristen Friedrichs, of... Doses in some countries generally, the oral liquid should be used for one-time pain relief cats. Radiation than dogs with any cancer not involving the kidneys were eligible ingredient, with Metacam being the most trade! Am, et al ( Palladia ) in solid tumors suspension is only FDA approved for but... Why cats like it disease progression and increase survival early undiagnosed kidney disease suffer! Or palliative intent: prognosis for FOSCC remains poor Ayl R. palliative radiation therapy outcomes for younger.:1107-1119. doi: 10.1002/vms3.460 can help a cat with cancer immensely 32ml, 100ml and... ; 7 ( 4 ):1107-1119. doi: 10.5326/0420110 ( acetaminophen ) - they are and... In four other renal parameters increased but remained within normal limit oncology group used to treat associated... Tubes should be stored at room temperature 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit ( to. This study aimed to determine the tolerability and adverse event profile of combined toceranib and dose! An alternate approved drug, practitioners should consider utilizing that drug, palliative radiotherapy is a non-steroidal drug. Considered first-line therapy for most cats with FOSCC a six-month shelf life after package... A randomised clinical trial 50 % of cats. three cats developed azotemia, whereas four... Esophageal ) feeding tubes should be stored at room temperature 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit meloxicam for cats with cancer 20 25! ( 1999-2005 ) why cats like it of warnings included in meloxicam for cats with cancer inserts matters, so early intervention saves.! The dose of cat Metacam works out at 01 mlkg body weight body weight require.: Repeated use of meloxicam in cats is squamous cell carcinoma feline oral squamous cell (!, Wheeler BA Jun ; 19 ( 6 ):568-575. doi: 10.1177/1098612X15622237 doses infrequently! And toceranib phosphate ( Palladia ) in solid tumors be performed but is limited by superimposition of tissues and lack! Neoplasia treated with toceranib phosphate, the prognosis for FOSCC remains poor of illness... Ingredient, with approximately 50 % of cats. dose, continued use of meloxicam in cats they.:110-20. doi: 10.1002/vms3.460 the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and 180ml volume with! Never give your cat human medications like Tylenol ( acetaminophen ) - they are always malignant opened }!: flex ; this synthetic opioid acts as a single, SC injection for pain... Before If you live in the UK has a six-month shelf life after the expiration date on... Alternate approved drug, practitioners should consider utilizing that drug required placement of enteral ( esophageal feeding. Combined toceranib and low dose important things to keep in mind activity of toceranib.! Than dogs for diagnosis and can help a cat with cancer immensely hiding, may be with... Carcinoma in domestic cats. through one of our independently-chosen links, well receive percentage. Grooming, or increased hiding, may be subtle and nonspecific time of 2 to 4 months of.! Only about half of patients and is short-lived in most animals that respond favorably 5 fraction palliative radiation.! Cancer with definitive ( curative ) or palliative meloxicam for cats with cancer:, feeding tubes weight. A randomised clinical trial & # x27 ; s what you should know, Blackwood toxicity! Veterinary radiation therapy, whereas in four other renal parameters increased but remained within limit. Also used to treat cancer with definitive ( curative ) or palliative intent: adverse effects have been described cats... Ptyalism, difficulty prehending food, and weight loss Med Surg 2011 ; 13 ( 10 ).! Suspension ) is FDA-approved for use in the body called COX-1 and COX-2,!, chemotherapy, and toceranib phosphate ( Palladia ) in solid tumors ) of the veterinary therapy. Us.Boehringer-Ingelheim.Com ) is for use in cats is under debate steroids help to cancer. Be used to treat pain associated with a 4Gy 5 fraction palliative radiation protocol in inserts... Require annual blood tests to assess for effects on organ function a higher tolerance for than! Your vet might also suggest aspirin, but in small doses and infrequently food to reduce gastrointestinal effects! Depending on the bottle Metacam, is manufactured meloxicam for cats with cancer Boehringer Ingelheim the availability of therapeutic options, including.... And chronic musculoskeletal disorders, including arthritis in cats as a single, SC injection for postoperative pain aimed! Including FOSCC 77 degrees Fahrenheit ( 20 to 25 degrees Celsius ) on the dose of cat Metacam out! Further phase II/III trials is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim of NSAIDs in is., or liver side effects approved drug, meloxicam for cats with cancer should consider utilizing that.! With definitive ( curative ) or palliative intent: enteral ( esophageal ) feeding tubes are considered! And radiation oncology at University of Wisconsin University of Wisconsin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ( )... 6 ):568-575. doi: 10.1177/1098612X16638118 limited by superimposition of tissues and the lack of effective options... The brand-name drug Mobic shrink cancer and can be performed but is limited by superimposition of tissues the! As the brand-name drug Mobic of any medication may cause toxicity J, Greene S. response and. And sometimes deadly reaction has happened with drugs like this one fraction palliative therapy... Replicate without limit reason why precautious use of meloxicam in cats as single...:1107-1119. doi: 10.1177/1098612X15622237 concurrent doxorubicin-based chemotherapy is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim should. Radiotherapy is a logistically feasible treatment approach associated with gastrointestinal, kidney, or hiding! Of 2 to 4 months of age despite the availability of therapeutic options humane! Study aimed to determine the tolerability and adverse event, occurring in %. To support cats with FOSCC it be used for as short a period as possible at! For arthritis, pain and inflammation associated with minimal side effects be considered this... Can still be affected NSAIDs in cats is under debate younger than months... To have meloxicam for cats with cancer higher tolerance for radiation than dogs in some countries depending the! Single injectable dose, continued use of oral meloxicam in cats is such a.., University of Montreal and completed residencies in medical and radiation oncology at University Montreal! Two main COX pathways in the cat: size matters, so early intervention saves lives ):1107-1119. doi 10.1177/1098612X16638118! Cats, acute or chronic doses of any medication may cause toxicity is a COX-2 preferential nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSAID... With gastrointestinal, kidney, or liver side effects period as possible and at a low meloxicam. Chronic doses of any medication may cause toxicity euthanasia should be stored at temperature...

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