1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 18501952", index and images, FamilySearch (, FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451473, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683), FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635), Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call, Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. var rcel = document.createElement("script"); (February 22, 2023). Officials said he came to the United States from Asia.". And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. [45], A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone? Wallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad[3] (/frd/; reportedly born February 26, c.1877[4][7] disappeared c.1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. He claimed to have attended Oxford and the University of California, and then to have begun training as a diplomat for the kingdom of Hejaz (now a part of Saudi Arabia). [36][bettersourceneeded], A declassified Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) memorandum dated May 16, 1957, states: "From a review of instant file it does not appear that there has been a concerted effort to locate and fully identify W. D. Fard. Maybe he was deported after that hearing. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. J. Edgar Hoover would not have dropped something of this magnitude in a year's time. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. "[19], Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. Lincoln, author of The Black Muslims in America, originally published in 1961, recounted a legend that described Fard as the black Jamaican son of a Syrian Moslem. [52] One theory postulated is that Fard was of Afghan heritage. He agreed to leave Detroit forever in order to receive immunity, and boarded a train bound for Chicago on Dec. 7. [25] Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. He was a few years away from retirement so he was quiet old. var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); The Black Muslims in America. [30] Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. In his 1965 book Message to the Blackman in America, which is a compilation of articles written by Elijah Muhammad for newspapers throughout the early part of his Ministry, he summarized what Fard taught him as follows: "He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The past is filled with elusive characters whose true identities tend to slip just beyond absolute description. Before arriving in Detroit in 1930, under the alias of David Ford, he attained a high rank in the Moorish Science Temple, a vaguely Islam-like religion that disbanded that same year. [28] Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life. He could've at least sent a letter! Some blame the police, the FBI, or rival leaders within the NOI. [18] He began by selling silks door to door, telling his listeners that the silks came from their ancestral homeland. [68][bettersourceneeded]. rcel.async = true; Much of what is known about him is shrouded in mystery, and it is difficult to separate fact from mythological stories. Only a few things are certain. He denounced white people and incited racial hatred. There is no evidence to back any of this up, but the story was republished in several news outlets. He disappeared in 1934 after several arrests in Detroit and Elijah Muhammad took over as leader of the Nation of Islam. In compliance with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) requirements, some of these records are no longer in the physical possession of the FBI, eliminating the FBIs capability to re-review and/or re-process this material. Uncover property values, resident history, neighborhood safety score, and more! It's possible him and Ford are the same guy. Sources: Immigration record of Khanialam Khan https://familysearch.org, FBI report on Wallace Fard Muhammad https://vault.fbi.gov, Mugshots of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.findagrave.com, Marriage record of Fred Dodd and Pearl Allen https://www.ancestry.com, Prison file of Wallie Dodd Ford https://www.ancestry.com, Draft registration card of Wallie Dodd Ford https://familysearch.org, Wallie D. Ford on the 1920 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Birth record of Fords son, Wallace Max Ford https://familysearch.org, Marriage record of Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino https://familysearch.org, William D. Fard on the 1930 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Nation of Islam article refuting claims of Dodd and Muhammad being the same person https://www.noi.org. [9], In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. WebWallace D. Fard aka Wallace Fard Muhammad / f . Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Abdullah himself denied that he was Fard, saying "It is all right to say I am Fard Muhammad for Wallace D. Muhammad. He was drawn to return to the United States in order to liberate the African-Americans from their half-slave and half-free condition. See, The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. Detroit sues celebrity pastor and his nuisance mega-church over unfinished Woodward project, Detroits Movement fest releases full lineup: Basement Jaxx, Skrillex, Cybotron, Zeds Dead, and more. "[49], The Nation of Islam refutes the claim that Fard and Ford are one and the same in an article posted on the NOI website by Dr. Wesley Muhammad. Jeffrey Eugenides novel Middlesex, which could justly be called a Detroit epic, includes a fascinating chapter in which the matriarch of the Stephanides family, Desdemona, takes a job as a silk worker at the Nation of Islams headquarters on Hastings Street. Leader of the Nation of Islam ", so I don't know. It is important to realize that Farrakhan is the current leader of one of two main NOI factions that emerged after the Honorable Elijah Muhammads death on Feb. 24, 1975. The whole thing smells like an intelligence agency operation to me. Today, the Nation of Islam teaches that he boarded the Mother Plane and is still alive. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Here in America they were living other than themselves. Members of the movement believe Fard to be the incarnation of Allh, and his birthday, February 26, is observed as Saviours Day. He arrived in Detroits Paradise Valley on July 4, 1930, in order to achieve this goal. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans [Moroccans]'. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. There are two popular theories regarding Ford/Fard's background - that he was the child of a South Asian/Arabic man and a white woman, or the child of a Maori man and a white woman. [27] "Harris had no standing in the order and was not regarded as a leader. Fard disappeared in 1934. This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. Most sources in the Nation of Islam claim that he hailed from The Holy City Mecca in Saudi Arabia, 1920 Federal U.S. Census, Los Angeles City, Enumeration District 206, Sheet 10B, California State Board of Health, County of Orange, Certificate of Marriage, Local Registered No. It says that Wallace Fard "is awaiting an immigration hearing. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. Reyes | Finn exhibit brings together more than 150 Detroit artists, Taurus Burns embraces his zebra stripes in Created Equal, Four queer, Black women explore the aftermath of heartbreak in Detroit art show. In devouring his autobiography, I learned of the Nation of Islams charismatic and influential leader, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, and of the large fissure that eventually split the organization over different interpretations of their tenets and goals. He led a controversial life in his later years and it does seem there was more than one organization that was unhappy with him. WebWallace Dodd Ford or Fard was also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad and he was the founder of the Nation of Islam in the 1930s in Detroit, MI. WebMaster Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934 led to an internal struggle for the leadership of the Nation of Islam among several contending factions. He also gave his fathers birthplace as Argentina and his mothers birthplace as Oregon. My introduction to the life of Fard came via a fascination with Malcolm X that began in high school. He appeared in Detroit in 1930 and had an obscure background and used several aliases. But his strict culinary concerns may have emerged from elsewhere: it is said he carried packets of sugar in his coat pocket and is said to have bled easily. Personally I don't know enough about the context to form an opinion on whether he was murdered, but it wouldn't shock me if he was. According to his successor, Elijah Muhammad, Fard was an incarnation of God. The FBI is keeping close tabs on them and, realizing they have nothing on its founder, open an investigation into the man known as Wallace Fard Muhammad, considered by the Nation of Islam's followers to be an actual incarnation of God. Powered by - Designed with theHueman theme. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. WebParking is abundant-plenty of room for an RV, toys, and multiple vehicles. Black Nationalism: A Search for Identity in America. There is some evidence that Fard lived at least until the 1960s; his alleged lover stated that he had returned to New Zealand. Encyclopedia.com. WebWant a minute-by-minute forecast for Fawn-Creek, Kansas? Although there is only one known picture of "Fard", there are a few known photographs of "Ford", mostly police mugshots: https://zaidpub.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/walaace-fard.jpg. But the Nation of Islam themselves reject the FBI's findings. The organizations humble origins in the Hastings Street Temple of Detroits Paradise Valley are little known, as is the story of the enigmatic Wallace D. Fard. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam by Dr. John Andrew Morrow investigates theories of Fard's origin. [8][9], Fard Muhammad, acting as a door-to-door travelling salesman, spread his religious teachings throughout Detroit, and within three years grew the movement to a reported 8,0009,000 members in Detroit, Chicago, and other cities. I don't know what to think. [11] In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/legal-and-political-magazines/fard-w-d-c-1877-1934-religious-and-political-leader, African American Religions: Muslim Movements, Muhammad, Elijah Karriem (18971975), Religious and Political Leader. "[25], Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. In 1959, the FBI issued a smear story to a Chicago newspaper, claiming Fard was a Turk and a fascist sympathizer who had acted as a Nazi spy during World War II. He wrote two books for the movement, The Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam, which is transmitted orally to members; and Teaching for the Lost-Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way, which is written in symbolic language and requires special interpretation. "[26] Wallace Fard Muhammad loved the black people of the United States of America. "[46] Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. '"[59], Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for the first time in 1931. A Fred Dodd married Pearl Allen in Portland, Oregon in 1914. Encyclopedia.com. There is no consensus about Master Fard's identity. He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise to the rank of prophet the former Minister of Islam, Elijah Mohammed, now a resident of Chicago. Clegg, a history professor at the University of Indiana at Bloomington, responded: The version of the story that characterizes Fard as being of Pakistani descent and having a criminal background seems to have some validity, though neither allegation has been conclusively proven. In Middlesex, Fard is revealed to be Desdemonas brother-in-law, who had been presumed dead after a rum-running incident. Wallace Dodd Ford's race is the subject of some debate. The first is the expansion of Islamic statesthat is, states whose ruling elite consisted, Islam Black Muslims But perhaps most notably, he was the man who founded the Nation of Islam, a political and religious organization that brought Malcolm X, one of the 20th centurys most important Americans, into the spotlight. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Black Muslims After Elijah's death, Warith Deen appointed Abdullah imam of Mosque #77 in Oakland, California. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: "The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. 1962. "[62], Fard's lessons actually state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon, came to Africa, not Mecca.[63]. Karriem cited a quotation from a book entitled Secret Rituals of the Lost-Found Nation of Islam, authored by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad, which read, The believer must be stabbed through the heart. This quote, as well as another stating, Every son of Islam must gain a victory from a devil. During our colored and Negro days, he was Black. So said Jesse Jackson shortly after the H, According to accounts of the origins of the Nation of Islam (NOI), in the 1930s in "Paradise Valley" in Detroit, a silk peddler named W. D. Fard bega, The expansion of Islam historically embraces two phenomena. They claim Wallace Dodd Ford was not Wallace Fard Muhammad. [8][29], Karl Evanzz of The Washington Post submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. He founded the religious movement in Detroit, Michigan, U.S., in 1930, and was its leader until 1934, his disappearance. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. Fard appears in the novel Middlesex, by Jeffrey Eugenides, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Two bedrooms, full bathroom, luxury linens, free washer and dryer and beautiful views. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. Evanzz believes that Fard immigrated to the United States via Canada in 1913. She is employed despite her ethnicity because the managers are desperate for someone with a working knowledge of silk they rationalize the hire by discovering that her place of birth was Turkey, a Muslim country, although she is a practicing Greek Orthodox Christian. [17] He came to the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani a Greek" Morrow writes. The Nation of Islam refutes all statements that Muhammad and Dodd were the same person. In contrast to Fards story, Karl Evanzz, noted NOI authority and author of The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad, has argued that Fard was born Wali Dodd Fard in New Zealand in 1893. Fard, facing possible charges, confessed that his teachings were dangerous and that he would use his influence to disband the ATI. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Muhammad, Akbar. Alternate titles: F. Mohammed Ali, Wallace Fard Muhammad, Walli Farrad. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. Subscribe now to get the latest news delivered right to your inbox. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple."[57]. WebIn late 1933 or in 1934 Fardmysteriously disappeared from public record. Consequently, Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, were arrested and questioned. 44 records found for Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. To this day, nobody knows. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. Just last year, however, I read a book that reintroduced Fard to my consciousness. Fard, most scholars have relied on his teachings as passed down, and perhaps modified, by Elijah Muhammad. [24], According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand. There is No God but ALLAH. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam. Also, in many ways, the Nation of Islams depiction of him as God could only work and be credible to potential members if his origins remained obscure and his disappearance permanent.. Either way, most people who have investigated his life have come to the conclusion that he was probably mixed race and may have emigrated from New Zealand or the Middle East. WebWallace Fard, also known as Wallace Fard Muhammad or Master Fard Muhammad (/ f r d /; reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 disappeared c. 1934), was the founder of the Nation of Islam. r d / (born February 26, 1877) was a co-founder of the Nation of Islam. ." After Fard Muhammad disappeared in 1934, the leadership of the NOI was assumed by Elijah Muhammad. FBI records identified him as an unstable wanderer named Wallace Dodd Ford who came to the United States from New Zealand in 1913. [14] He influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X and many other Black Nationalist thinkers. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Wallace_Fard_Muhammad.jpg. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. [citation needed] Harris attended meetings of the Detroit chapter of the Nation of Islam, then also called the Order of Islam, and Allah Temple of Islam, where he was given the name of Robert Karriem. [12], Fard taught a form of black exceptionalism and self-pride to poor Southern blacks during the Great Northward Migration at a time when old ideas of scientific racism were prevalent. The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. They must live according to the law of Allah, avoiding all meat of 'poison animals', hogs, ducks, geese, possums and catfish. Fard worked the streets as silk peddler, but his real sales pitches were religious beliefs and dietary restrictions. Almost everyday we would have conversations (actually friendly debate) about his faith. Ford/Fard lied about his background so many times that it's hard to tell what's true and what's not. WebWallace Muhammad - Disappearance Disappearance In June 1934, Fard left Detroit for Chicago and disappeared without a trace. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' Corrections? WebFard offered blacks a credo of moral and cultural superiority to their white oppressors. He had met Muhammad in prison where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims. Many people avoided him because of the wild things he sometimes said." Four years later, in 1963, they issued another story to a Los Angeles-based newspaper that claimed Ford and Fard were, in fact, the same person. In 1931 Fard was recognized by some of his followers as the "Great Mahdi" or "Savior" who had come to bring a special message to the suffering masses of black Americans in the teeming ghettos of the United States. The Nation of Islam list Muhammads birthday as February 26, 1877, celebrated as a holiday called Saviours Day. [25] One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. The NOI teaches that Wallace Fard Muhammad was an avatar of Allah, who came to America to educate on this forgotten history. The 2 smear campaigns that were released also have me wondering what the agency hoped to accomplish. This was perhaps true, but the police recognized that Fard's preaching was encouraging extremist behavior and offered him an ultimatum: leave the city forever and avoid criminal charges. The FBI report states that fingerprints from Muhammads arrests in Detroit match Fords fingerprints from arrests in Los Angeles. In the 1920 United States Census, his race was reported as white, his occupation as a proprietor of a restaurant, and his place of birth as New Zealand. PRAISE HIS HOLY NAME! ", Beynon refers to some of the lessons by Fard as an "oral tradition" that was recorded at the University of Islam as the "Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam." A 1957 FBI report stated that Muhammad previously lived in Portland, Oregon, under the alias Fred Dodd, and in Los Angeles and Chicago as Wallie/Wallace Dodd Ford. Fard, 2017, by A.K. Fard, W. D. (c. 1877-1934), Religious and Political Leader. The NOI consider Fard to have been a light-skinned black man. He provided no known place of birth for his parents nor his date of immigration. "[37] The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". All written records and documents that he or other people filled out on his behalf list him as white or caucasian. Whatever the case, Fard was a master at remaking himself and was apparently a very charismatic man. I did some digging and found an article in November 24, 1932 edition of the Escanaba Daily Press on the murder committed by Robert Harris. Ford reported that he was a cook, age 26, born in Oregon and living in Los Angeles. But it's a dead end - as far as anybody in the country, or indeed the world is concerned, Wallace Fard Muhammed no longer exists. WebThe FBIs FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. According to the version of Elijah, he saw Fard off at the Detroit airport when Fard was being deported. At some point, he established a rudimentary church and read from the Bible, drawing in a mainly black Christian audience. [20], With regard to Elijah Muhammad, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. When nothing further was heard from him, some rumored that he had been killed by police. On a 1926 San Quentin State Prison file, a Wallie D. Ford of Los Angeles gave his birthplace as Oregon, and his age as 31. What would he have thought of it? They say that he shall soon return in a spaceship and that then the existence of the wicked Yakubians and their rule will end, with a new utopia forged. $95 night. Fard immigrated to the United States sometime before 1930. One faction, the Moors, remains faithful to Noble Drew Ali, and the other, which is now led by Elijah Muhammad, remains faithful to Prophet Fard (Master Wallace Fard Muhammad). [26], On November 20, 1932, James J. Smith, a black man, was killed by Robert Harris, who was his roommate and a member of the Nation of Islam, on a makeshift altar in what was described as a human sacrifice. He is not to be confused with, Beynon's account of Fard and his followers, Efforts to trace Fard's history 19141926. Both of these tenets are contrary to the creed of orthodox or Sunni Islam. WebFind out who lives on Wallace Rd, Oswego, KS 67356. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. Lincoln, C. Eric. 22 Feb. 2023
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