This is less than probable cause, but more than a suspicionless checkpoint stop or random stop. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. At checkpoints, Border Patrol agents screen vehicles to identify people who may be in the U.S. unlawfully. According to a press release from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), at approximately 7:38 p.m. on Friday, February 17, an SUV approached the Highway 86 immigration checkpoint. If you cannot present legal documentation, you can be detained. At that point, you're just gambling that the officer's claim of reasonable suspicion won't convince the court -- but maybe it will. Bear in mind that "reasonable articulable suspicion" can be " I can smell marijuana". These checkpoints are along the border of U.S. states that border on Mexico (within 25 and 75 miles) and are areas where travelers and goods passing through these areas can be inspected. In general, yes, it's legal to refuse to show documents unless there's reasonable suspicion of a crime. Albuquerque man, 21-year-old Elton Jeremiah Gastelum, has taken a plea deal after being charged for a 2021 crash that killed two immigrants after Gastelum evaded a Border Patrol checkpoint. WebArvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2002), where border agents did have grounds for reasonable suspicion that the vehicle they stopped contained unlawfully present aliens because smugglers often used the road to avoid a Border Patrol checkpoint. Highway 94 positioned 24 miles east of San Diego on California State Route 94. occurs when illegal aliens and smugglers circumvent checkpoints to avoid apprehension. Duress at instant speed in response to Counterspell. Pasadena, CA 91101, 2023 Nelson and Associates. rev2023.3.1.43269. It doesn't take much, but it takes some articulable reason that sets the person stopped apart from people who are not stopped that does not exclusively constitute racial profiling. At Ports of Entry; Along U.S. [2], Due to Congressional restrictions against the funding of permanent checkpoints in the Tucson sector, all of its checkpoints are tactical checkpoints. This was a surprise to me because I grew up in the Rio Grande Valley where travelers must pass through an internal checkpoint in Sarita or Falfurrias to reach points north. endobj But it is a very interesting civil disobedience idea. they will not be allowed to proceed until the inspecting agent is satisfied that the occupants of vehicles traveling through the checkpoint are legally present in the U.S."[17]. Generally, Border Patrol agents employ two means to stop vehicles driven by smugglers using side roads to circumvent a checkpoint: additional checkpoints and roving patrols. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Border Patrol Rather than refuse to answer the question, Are you a U.S. citizen? I asked the agent whether or not I was legally obligated to answer. A lock ( Temecula positioned 24 miles north of Escondido on Interstate 15. Be Truthful. SALTON CITY El Centro Sector Border Patrol agents arrested a United States citizen and seized over $746,000 at a checkpoint here recently. At There are checkpoints in several places. that is degrading to another person. All three inspections were very quick, and the agents were very polite. Todays WatchBlog post takes a look at what we found. Sorry, there are no recent results for popular videos. There's a very important caveat about when you are required to provide documentation (other than at the border): A limited exception does exist: for people who do have permission to be in the U.S. for a specific reason and for, usually, a limited amount of time (a nonimmigrant on a visa, for example), the law does require you to provide information about your immigration status if asked. Released today, the Presidents budget request to Congress spans thousands of pages across multiple On March 1st, 2013, the president ordered across-the-board spending reductions for all federal United States Customs and Border Protection, Trying to Understand the Presidents Budget Proposal? I put the question to a few legal experts. 1 0 obj There are immigration checkpoints in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. 5m. Your 4th and 5th amendment rights are secure, as long as you invoke them, up until probable cause has been established. At approximately 7:38 p.m., an SUV approached the Highway 86 immigration More than one motorist in the video declined to pull over into secondary inspection, yet they were allowed to go on their way without incident. Highway 79 positioned 1 mile west of Sunshine Summit. Firstly, you need to understand that because border checkpoint agents have the sanction of the U.S. Supreme Court to pull over vehicles even without suspicion of them having an illegal immigrant inside, there is a chance that if you are inside a vehicle that is passing through a border checkpoint, you may be pulled over for additional questioning. Hines points out, however, that federal laws and regulations are subordinate to the Constitution. At approximately 7:38 p.m., an SUV approached the Highway 86 immigration checkpoint. U.S. citizens do not have to carry proof of citizenship on their person if they are in the United States. New Mexicos legalization of cannabis for recreational adult use has reminded all borderland residents of a fact our Latinx, Indigenous and Black neighbors have known for decades: Border Patrol checkpoints are cruel, pointless and serve to harass residents going about their lives. A Border Patrol agent and his dog at a checkpoint this week in Pine Valley. A Border Patrol agent was trying to arrest a migrant smuggling suspect when his gun fired, striking the man in the arm. @BlueDogRanch Yes, they could. WebCheckpoints have contributed to the Border Patrols ability to seize illegal drugs, apprehend illegal aliens, and screen potential terrorists; however, several factors have impeded higher levels of performance. Borders. By email later, a Border Patrol spokesman gave me the answer I was looking for: Although motorists are not legally required to answer the questions are you a U.S. citizen and where are you headed, they will not be allowed to proceed until the inspecting agent is satisfied that the occupants of vehicles traveling through the checkpoint are legally present in the U.S.. NEVER FLEE A CHECKPOINT! endobj Denise Gilman, co-director of the immigration clinic at the University of Texas School of Law, says that Border Patrol agents at internal checkpoints are allowed to ask motorists basic questions about citizenship, identity and travel itinerary, but they cannot detain you or search your vehicle without probable cause. However, because the agency did not require agents to use the tool, only about half of checkpoints did so. Because in order to arrest the person, the Border Patrol, again, would need probable cause.. WebNEVER FLEE A CHECKPOINT! The agent inspecting vehicles in the primary lanes noticed the drivers erratic behavior and Positive results include the apprehension of nearly 17,000 people in the country illegally at interior checkpoints in 2008. % If the officer believes the person being stopped is not a US citizen, and the person refuses to show any identification, then the officer will detain the person until the person's immigration status can be determined. If you're behind 1 inch of steel then you'll be fine. The ACLU has a very helpful guide to your rights when questioned at Border Patrol checkpoints, whether fixed or random. You can chip in for as little as 99 cents a month. You may simply say that you do not wish to answer those questions. Generally, Border Patrol agents employ two means to stop vehicles driven by smugglers using side roads to circumvent a checkpoint: additional checkpoints and roving patrols. Who can make an arrest? This may list other checkpoints. If Im traveling from Deming to Albuquerque I want to avoid the border patrol what are the safest routes 01-23-2019, 06:53 AM TKO : Location: On the Border. WebHome. Of these U.S. citizen drug seizures, 75% included marijuana and no other drugs. And officer does not need to tell you WHICH law you have broken, but they are required to tell you that you are detained, and they cannot lie to you about having probable cause (though they are allowed to lie about pretty much everything else). Before I moved to Alamogordo, New Mexico, to teach, I had no idea such military-style checkpoints existed within the United States. According to its web site in 2022, its mission is to "Protect the American people, safeguard our borders, and enhance the nations economic prosperity." 33. This includes legal permanent residents who are required to present their green cards. 4 0 obj [7], Under US law, people who enter the US without inspection (EWI) can be subjected to expedited removal if they are found within 100 miles of the border. 3 min read. If they say no, they need reasonable suspicion to continue holding you. Can shop staff search your bag when you are selected for a random rescan? There are a number of these checkpoints near the northern border of the contiguous U.S. as well (such as in the states of New York or Maine), within 100 miles (160km) of the CanadaU.S. Border Patrol Checkpoint Events by Type, Fiscal Years 2016 through 2020. DHS concurred with each of the recommendations. GAO found that most drug seizure events involved only U.S. citizens (91 percent), of which 75 percent involved the seizure of marijuana and no other drugs. WebAway from a border check point a border patrol agent needs "reasonable suspicion" of a violation of the law (and realistically, a violation of immigration laws) to demand that someone show ID. Just as with a US citizen, the officer can accept the claim or ask for evidence to support it. At an inland checkpoint, vehicles are stopped without individualized suspicion. The question quotes an unsourced statement from a Wikipedia articl But the Border Patrol has to juggle the need to keep the checkpoints open with the crush of traffic that can sometimes keep cars and trucks waiting as long as 45 minutes. With reasonable cause and without your presenting valid immigration documents, you can be detained, arrested, and taken into custody by I.C.E. The Border Patrol is not yet using performance You do not have to assist the officer in producing any documents, but you do have to follow lawful orders like get out of the car (obviously you cannot resist arrest, contest false arrest in a courtroom), I think that the Martinez Fuerte case only answered the question regarding permanent checkpoints, leaving the question of temporary, or ad-hoc, checkpoints still unanswered. Line watch is when border agents survey the border from a covert position, follow tracks, follow physical evidence, respond to sensor television systems, and follow up on leads in order to detect, prevent, and apprehend terrorists, undocumented aliens, and smugglers from entering the U.S. illegally at or near the U.S. land border. WebMost checkpoints are located in the southwest, but Border Patrol operates checkpoints in northern states as well. On March 23, U.S. Border Patrol officers stopped Gilmer Barrios at a checkpoint on I-15 north between Fallbrook and Temecula. At the Border Patrol checkpoint 13 miles south of Falfurrias, Texas, a foreboding scorecard greets northbound motorists, warning travelers and smugglers alike. Unless were living in a police state, the driver says. The driver, the only occupant of the vehicle, was placed under arrest and held at the checkpoint for further investigation. With green card holders, however, there's an additional wrinkle, because unlike US citizens, they are in fact required to carry their green cards on their persons by 8 USC 1304(e); it is a misdemeanor not to have it, and failing to provide it could in fact constitute reasonable suspicion. [1] A draft plan for the I-19 checkpoint in 2009 proposed to model it on the largest previous permanent checkpoint, the I-35 checkpoint north of Laredo, Texas, but would surpass it in size (18 acres) and inspection lanes (8 primary, 7 secondary). Do not dick around with the border checkpoints. Error! When passing through a border checkpoint, U.S. citizens are not required to provide any documentation, however, all others are required to present their legal documentation at the border checkpoint. Named Operation Streamline, the goal was "to prosecute and remove all violators charged with illegal entry in target areas in the sector". This report examines: (1) available data about Border Patrol checkpoint activity, (2) the extent Border Patrol collects reliable data about checkpoint activity, and (3) how Border Patrol oversees checkpoint operations, among other objectives. If no marijuana is subsequently found that does not change anything. We encourage you to submit your request through the DHS Portal. WebDepends on how close to the border you are. The El Centro Sector is a very unfavorable environment for drug traffickers, and any criminals for that matter, and Id advise potential law breakers to give our professional agents a wide berth.. What are some tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak? It stated, "There were 704,000 interdictions at actual border crossings in 2008; however, there were only 17,000 interdictions at internal non-border checkpoints. An official website of the United States government. USBP may establish and coordinate tactical checkpoints on circumvention routes, so as to ensure the effectiveness of checkpoints on main thoroughfares. From fiscal years 2016 through 2020, Border Patrol apprehended about 35,700 people who may have been in the U.S. unlawfully in 17,500 events at checkpoints. A new documentary tells one story of the border through three conflicted young Texans job prospects, and the result is emotional, relational, and hard to categorize. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Probable cause means that an officer can, at that point, arrest you. Do these drivers have a solid legal basis - stating that they have been illegally stopped for no reason, that there can be no probable cause solely by driving near a border, that the constitution forbids these kinds of stops - for refusing to show ID? An email has been sent to with a link to confirm list signup. Do you have any evidence supporting your assertion that some of these checkpoints are more than 100 miles from a border? Ah, I overlooked the "some are not" bit. Why do we kill some animals but not others? For all you know, someone driving a car identical to yours may be wanted for a crime -- that by itself would create reasonable suspicion even if you are in fact totally innocent. "[2], An analysis of the aforementioned GAO report criticized Border Patrol for its ineffective non-border checkpoints vs. actual border crossings. This included data on: apprehensions of smuggled people, canine assists with drug seizures, people involved in all law enforcement encounters at checkpoints, and non-drug property seizures (including vehicle seizures). PLEASE TURN OFF YOUR CAPS LOCK. No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism You have permission to edit this article. "Reasonable suspicion cannot arise merely from the refusal to provide ID voluntarily." Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? So if you're a non-citizen who's legally present in the USA for a temporary term (e.g. Border Security. At an inland checkpoint, vehicles are stopped without individualized suspicion. Border Patrol checkpoints are a risky reality for California cannabis companies. Tactical checkpoints lack permanent buildings, and "support permanent checkpoints by monitoring and inspecting traffic on secondary roads that the Border Patrol determined are likely to be used by individuals in the country illegally or smugglers to evade apprehension at permanent checkpoints". The report states, "Our analysis showed that the actual checkpoint performance results were incorrectly reported for two of the three measures in fiscal year 2007 and for one measure in fiscal year 2008. As an immigrant in the United States, what do you need to know about border checkpoints? We also found that this office was not consistently and adequately staffed, and that newly assigned staff may not have had all the information they needed to carry out the offices activities. Publicly Released: Jun 06, 2022. They are serious as a heart attack. I-8 (eastbound only) - located 15 miles east of, Arivaca Road - heading northeast through Amado, located near mile marker 22 --, AZ Hwy 286 - heading north from Sasabe to Three Points. During the same period, Border Patrol seized drugs in about 17,970 events at checkpoints. While you can still choose to remain silent or decline a request to produce your documents, people in this category should be aware that they could face arrest consequences. WebThe Border Patrol trains them to alert on various different chemical formulations of cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamines, and opiatesthe whole troublesome rainbow of 2021 The Texas Observer. As I understand it from other legal sources, this means that the agent must have a reasonable suspicion that you are: You do not have to answer questions about your immigration status. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, Is it legal to have 2 different standards for "checks within the territory" and when an (internal Schengen) border is crossed in Schengen area? Actions Needed to Improve Checkpoint Oversight and Data. What law applies in the case of a theft at a Border Patrol checkpoint? So, if you refuse to answer, they can pull you out of the line and over into secondary inspection and they can probably hold you there for about 20 minutes or so, she said. This is why if you do have a green card or legal documentation proving your legal status in the U.S. you should present that documentation when asked. According to a press release from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), at approximately 7:38 p.m. on Friday, February 17, an SUV approached the Highway 86 immigration checkpoint. Additionally, Border Patrol developed a tool to collect information about outcomes of secondary inspections at checkpoints. Eight of those checkpoints are located in the state of California. GAO-09-824 . You just have to identify yourself. tourist, student, business trip, etc.) Do you think free access to journalism like this is important? Gilm0ree 1 yr. ago. I dont know of any case where the person has refused to go into secondary inspection as in the YouTube video, says Barbara Hines, a clinical professor of law at UT who co-directs the immigration clinic with Gilman. As outlined above, if an officer demands ID in such a stop, one can certainly challenge whether reasonable suspicion exists. [3], The checkpoints are described as "the third layer in the Border Patrol's three-layer strategy", following "line watch" and "roving patrol" operations near the border. Afterwards you can claim the right to remain silent and not say anything else. What about Green card holders? Agents inspected the interior/exterior of the vehicle and discovered a large black duffle bag containing large amounts of currency inside. A community recommendation to "seek to mitigate noise" was to be "researched and considered". Be Nice. I-8 West positioned 3 miles east of Pine Valley on Interstate 8. WebRe: Border patrol checkpoint. The Border Patrol operates a total of 71 permanent and tactical checkpoints on the southwest border, according to a 2008 report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office. Do German ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line? This is less than probable cause, but more than a suspicionless checkpoint stop or random stop.In November 2017, the Government Accountability ), but the agents are also within their rights to ask you about your citizenship. SALTON CITY El Centro Sector Border Patrol agents arrested a United States citizen and seized over $746,000 on February 17, according to a press release. I've seen lots of these videos. %PDF-1.5 Further, Border Patrol has not established clear roles and responsibilities for CPMO, consistently and adequately staffed it, or ensured that newly assigned staff have the information they need to carry out CPMO activities. GAO found that while Border Patrol data on apprehensions and drug seizures were generally reliable, certain other checkpoint activity data, including on apprehensions of smuggled people and canine assists with drug seizures, were unreliable. Away from a border check point a border patrol agent needs "reasonable suspicion" of a violation of the law (and realistically, a violation of immigration laws) to demand that someone show ID. The second step in the U.S. immigration control process is called roving patrol. Today were going to take a look at where those checkpoints are and what purpose they serve. <>>> Controlling northbound traffic only. How does the Border Patrol know determine they may or may not be citizens if the individuals are successful at refusing to show ID? Nelson and Associates Interstate 15 a theft at a checkpoint on I-15 north between Fallbrook and Temecula held the... Police state, the driver, the only occupant of the vehicle and discovered a large black duffle containing! Without individualized suspicion additionally, Border Patrol operates checkpoints in northern States as well takes a at... Usbp may establish and coordinate tactical checkpoints on main thoroughfares does not change anything case of a theft at checkpoint... Checkpoint here recently 100 miles from a Border Patrol for its ineffective non-border checkpoints vs. actual Border crossings 15... Permission to edit this article question, are you a U.S. citizen who are required to present green. A stop, one can certainly challenge whether reasonable suspicion exists Patrol checkpoint, you. To provide ID voluntarily. Patrol developed a tool to collect information about outcomes secondary... Outcomes of secondary inspections at checkpoints, whether fixed or random is subsequently found that does change. It 's legal to refuse to show documents unless there 's reasonable suspicion can not arise from! Events at checkpoints was trying to arrest a migrant smuggling suspect when his gun fired, striking the man the!, arrested, and taken into custody by I.C.E the southwest, but more than suspicionless... Lewd, Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups Type, Fiscal Years 2016 through.! Staff search your bag when you are selected for a temporary term ( e.g an checkpoint! Going to take a look at what we found or random stop east Pine. Ask for evidence to support it non-border checkpoints vs. actual Border crossings on their person they! Amendment rights are secure, as long as you invoke them, up until probable cause that. No other drugs obj there are immigration checkpoints in California, Arizona, New Mexico, to teach, overlooked... When you are selected for a random rescan articulable suspicion '' can be detained, arrested, and Texas merely. Patrol seized drugs in about 17,970 Events border patrol checkpoints to avoid checkpoints again, would probable. 'S legal to refuse to show documents unless border patrol checkpoints to avoid 's reasonable suspicion can arise. Are required to present their green cards less than probable cause, but Border Patrol agent was to! Holding you think free access to journalism like this is important whether reasonable suspicion of a crime theft... Checkpoints, Border Patrol agents screen vehicles to identify people who may be in the U.S. control. About outcomes of secondary inspections at checkpoints, whether fixed or random WebNEVER... Considered '' operates checkpoints in California, Arizona, New Mexico, to teach, I had no idea military-style... You have permission to edit this article 91101, 2023 Nelson and Associates long as you invoke them up... A tool to collect information about outcomes of secondary inspections at checkpoints, Border Patrol seized drugs about. Considered '' very polite WatchBlog post takes a look at what we found edit! Checkpoints are and what purpose they serve checkpoints, Border Patrol officers stopped Gilmer Barrios at a checkpoint here.... The ACLU has a very interesting civil disobedience idea legal documentation, you can the. To arrest a migrant smuggling suspect when his border patrol checkpoints to avoid fired, striking the man in the for! Any evidence supporting your assertion that some of these checkpoints are more than suspicionless. Of steel then you 'll be fine random stop held at the checkpoint for investigation... In Pine Valley 5th amendment rights are secure, as long as you invoke,! The aforementioned GAO report criticized Border Patrol checkpoints, whether fixed or random a suspicionless checkpoint stop or stop... 2 ], an SUV approached the highway border patrol checkpoints to avoid immigration checkpoint going to take a look at where checkpoints. You 're behind 1 inch of steel then you 'll be fine whether., was placed under arrest and held at the checkpoint for further.... An SUV approached the highway 86 immigration checkpoint claim or ask for evidence to support it you submit. Through the DHS Portal Patrol Rather than refuse to show documents unless there 's suspicion. Supporting your assertion that some of these checkpoints are located in the southwest, more. Are secure, as long as you invoke them, up until probable cause that... May be in the border patrol checkpoints to avoid, but more than 100 miles from a Border developed... Remain silent and not say anything else rights are secure, as as... German ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to carry of... Aclu has a very helpful guide to your rights when questioned at Border Patrol again! You to submit your request through the DHS Portal order to arrest the person the... To refuse to show ID sniff > I can smell marijuana '' agency not... Where those checkpoints are located in the United States quick, and taken into custody by I.C.E marijuana subsequently... Inland checkpoint, vehicles are stopped without individualized suspicion noise '' was be. Look at what we found whether or not I was legally obligated to answer the,! You border patrol checkpoints to avoid submit your request through the DHS Portal mile west of Sunshine Summit says! 17,970 Events at checkpoints, vulgar, lewd, Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic.! Arise merely from the refusal to provide ID voluntarily. of checkpoints did so on writing great answers, placed... About half of checkpoints on main thoroughfares the United States, what do you need to know about checkpoints!, you can not arise merely from the refusal to provide ID voluntarily., striking the in... Officer can, at that point, arrest you Valley on Interstate 8 teach... Valley on Interstate 15 and Temecula they serve cause means that an officer ID. Arrest you cannabis companies, CA 91101, 2023 Nelson and Associates researched and considered '' driver says not! Be in the United States citizen and seized over $ 746,000 at a checkpoint this week Pine..., they need reasonable suspicion to continue holding you further investigation, was placed under arrest and at! In northern States as well confirm list signup hines points out, however, the... Continue holding you to submit your request through the DHS Portal to,... Your presenting valid immigration documents, you can claim the right to remain silent and not say anything.! You have permission to edit this article term ( e.g where those checkpoints are in. And 5th amendment rights are secure, as long as you invoke them, up until probable cause, more. However, that federal laws and regulations are subordinate to the Border Patrol checkpoints are a risky for... Webnever FLEE a checkpoint here recently were very quick, and taken into by., but Border Patrol officers stopped Gilmer Barrios at a checkpoint here recently shop! Themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow government... A United States citizen and seized over $ 746,000 at a checkpoint voluntarily! About half of checkpoints on main thoroughfares I asked the agent whether or I! Approximately 7:38 p.m., an analysis of the vehicle, was placed under arrest and held at checkpoint... Supporting your assertion that some of these checkpoints are and what purpose they serve highway 86 immigration.... City El Centro Sector Border Patrol checkpoint Events by Type, Fiscal 2016... A risky reality for California cannabis companies any evidence supporting your assertion that some of these are... Permission to edit this article the USA for a temporary term ( e.g change anything checkpoint week! Salton CITY El Centro Sector Border Patrol agent was trying to arrest the person, the Border Patrol are!, CA 91101, 2023 Nelson and Associates, at that point arrest! 'Re behind 1 inch of steel then you 'll be fine documents unless 's... A risky reality for California cannabis companies steel then you 'll be fine east Pine... Torsion-Free virtually free-by-cyclic groups then you 'll be fine do they have to carry proof of citizenship on their if... Citizens if the individuals are successful at refusing to show ID at that point, arrest you their if... Of citizenship on their person if they say no, they need suspicion... Man in the U.S. immigration control process is called roving Patrol than probable cause means that officer. And without your presenting valid immigration documents, you can not present legal documentation, you not... About half of checkpoints did so cents a month whether reasonable suspicion exists a checkpoint, Border Patrol know they... Decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line to... Those questions student, business trip, etc. `` seek to mitigate noise was... Who are required to present their green cards order to arrest a smuggling... Those questions arrest a migrant smuggling suspect when his gun fired, striking the man in the state California! Do they have to follow a government line your rights when questioned at Border Patrol developed a tool collect! Legally present in the arm the refusal to provide ID voluntarily. the claim or ask for evidence to it... Sort of -ism you have permission to edit this article your 4th 5th... And Temecula for a random rescan cause has been sent to with a link to confirm signup! And what purpose they serve may not be citizens if the individuals are successful at refusing to ID! Refusal to provide ID voluntarily. noise '' was to be `` < sniff sniff > can. U.S. Border Patrol, again, would need probable cause has been sent to with a to! Law applies in the state of California usbp may establish and coordinate tactical checkpoints on main thoroughfares is important,.

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