Authors: He Wang - Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Data from: Seasonal cycle and annual reversal of the Somali Current in an eddy-resolving global ocean model Cite This Work . UPSC Geography - Indian Ocean Currents | NeoStencil Equatorial currents flow at 3-6 km per day and usually extend 100-200 m below the surface. Insecurity, drought, floods, food shortages, and a lack of economic opportunities are the driving factors. The East Auckland the Somali Current reverses direction during the northern Current varies seasonally: in winter, it separates from the hemisphere summer with northward currents reaching shelf and flows eastward, merging with the West Wind speeds of 5 knots or more. Ocean currents are created by wind, water temperature, salt content, and the gravity of the moon.The current's direction and speed depend on the shoreline and the ocean floor. Ocean Currents: Types Of Ocean Currents - UPSC Here are 4 ways we use it. Figure 9.1.1 Generalized surface currents in the Atlantic Ocean. The equatorial counter current, which flows towards the east, is a partial return of water carried westward by the north and south equatorial currents. When it gets about 10-15 km (6-9 miles) above the Earth surface it starts to flow away from the equator and towards the poles. The annual cycle and timing of the reversal of the Somali Current differ depending on the location along the coast of northeastern Africa. This movement of ocean water is broadly categorized into three types: Waves. The Somali Current is notable for its high speeds of up to 200 cm/s and has a transport of As if flows, water is deflected to the right in Northern . The California Current is an ocean current in the North Pacific which runs along the West Coast of the United States, moving to the south until it hits Baja, at which point it starts to drift westward. The monsoon currents in the north Indian Ocean - NASA/ADS The eastern boundary current of the Indian subtropics, the Leeuwin Current, is an anomaly compared with other oceans - it flows poleward. 6. Currents in the Indian Ocean include the following: The North East Monsoon Drift; . This current is heavily influenced by the monsoons and is the only major upwelling system that occurs on a western boundary of an ocean. Somali Current. Which ocean currents change their direction in seasons ... This current is more constant, stronger and of greater extent than the north equatorial current. Why are ocean currents important? Updated every three hours. countercurrents. Flows counterclockwise along western Canadian coast and Aleutian Islands (warm along Canadian coast and cold along Aleutian Islands) . SIO 210: Introduction to Physical Oceanography Q 2. . The two cold currents—East Greenland current and the Labrador current—flow from the Arctic Ocean into the Atlantic Ocean. Most surface currents move water in the horizontal and vertical direction in the top layer above . Ocean Currents Ocean Planet - Smithsonian 1. An . The source water at its northern end is derived from Mozambique channel eddies (de Ruijter et al., 2002) and the East Madagascar Current, but the greatest source of water is recirculation in . The monsoon currents extend over the entire basin, from the Somali coast to the eastern Bay of Bengal. What causes upwelling? Ocean current is a continuous general movement of Ocean Water in a specific direction. Balbharati solutions for Geography 8th Standard Maharashtra State Board chapter 5 (Ocean Currents) include all questions with solution and detail explanation. . Indian Monsoon Current - Wikipedia By moving heat from the equator toward the poles, ocean currents play an important role in controlling the climate. The ocean acceleration could have globe-spanning effects. Mar Sci Chap 7 Sec 4 47 Terms. Ocean Circulation | ScienceDirect Scientists have measured the most powerful current that helps drive the circulation of the Southern Ocean, paving the way for more accurate climate . 5. During the Northeast Monsoon, evaporation increased over the Arabian Sea, which resulted in a salinity gradient. Tides. The results show a Somali Current flowing to the south during the winter monsoon carrying −11.5 ± 1.3 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 10 6 m 3 s −1) and −12.3 ± 0.3 Sv from WOA05 and Argo, respectively. NOAA collects a lot of data on the ocean. Coriolis forces cause the ocean currents to be deflected right in the Northern Hemisphere, e.g., Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Current; and left in the Southern Hemispheres. The North and South Equatorial Currents pile up water on the There is significant northeastward flow in the Somali Current to about 2000 m depth. Today Somalia is the world's third highest source country for refugees, after Syria and Afghanistan. . Why is the Somali current unusual? 6. OTHER SETS BY THIS CREATOR. Strong eastward equatorial currents in the upper ocean lasted more than one month from late November 2011 to early January 2012. Similarly, at the 850-hPa wind the enhanced Somali CEF and weakened trade winds in the eastern Indian Ocean and southern tropical western Pacific north of Australia, along with the intensified easterly in the northern subtropical western Pacific, are still prominent, although the significant domain is much smaller. Currents in the Great Whirl extended to 3500 m depth. It flows from the 'Horn of Africa' in the north-east of Africa. Stronger tropical currents could carry more warm water to higher latitudes, for example. Benguela Current is a cold, wide current tha t flows northwards along the west coast o f southern Africa. This will clear students doubts about any question and improve application skills while preparing for board exams. 0. These dynamics are discussed in more detail with the Leeuwin Current below. Ocean Currents is a derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd Edition and serves as an important reference on current ocean current knowledge and expertise in one convenient and accessible source. What direction do ocean currents flow in the Southern Hemisphere? The ocean currents in Indian Ocean are studied under the following sub-headings: Ocean Currents in the Northern Indian Ocean: 1. The progress of the southwest monsoon towards India is greatly aided by the onset of Somali jet that transits Kenya, Somalia and Sahel. This produces a strong upwelling of water and nutrients from the ocean bed, supporting enormous numbers of fish. During the winter monsoon, the Somali Current dies and a westward-flowing northern equatorial current replaces the Summer Monsoon Current. Somali Current, surface current of the western Indian Ocean, caused during the northern summer months by the blowing of the southwest monsoon along the coast of East Africa, moving coastal waters northeastward along with it for about 950 miles (1,500 km), with surface velocities reaching up to 9 miles (14 km) per hour.At longitude 6°-10° N (off Somalia), the northeastward Somali flow turns . The detailed, step-by-step solutions will help you understand the concepts better and clear your confusions, if any. Currents flow in complex patterns affected by wind, the water's salinity and heat content, bottom topography, and the earth's rotation. 3. The water that is upwelled by the current merges with another upwelling . 9. They are classified into three-part i.e. It is connected to waters that flow westward through the Indonesian archipelago from the Pacific Ocean, although most of the water that comes through the Indonesian passages flows directly westward along . (a) Ocean currents give specific direction and velocity to the water. This current is one among a series of boundary currents which move along the earth's continents. Western boundary . a strong current flows from west to east in the summer season. South Equatorial Current (Warm): South equatorial current flows from the western coast of Africa to the eastern coast of South America between the equator and 20° S latitude. The world's oceans have a huge capability of absorbing and transporting heat trapped in the atmosphere as a result of excess carbon emissions from human activities. How they move influences climate and living conditions for plants and animals, even on land. How does deep water form? They can flow for thousands of miles and are found in all the major oceans of the world. About 10% of the water in the World's Ocean is involved in the Surface Currents. Why does California Current flow south? Currents. Indian Counter Current (Warm): Indian counter current is originated during win­ter season (northern hemisphere). These currents are on the ocean's surface and in its depths, flowing both locally and globally. The width of the Somali Current at the Equator has been estimated at 9 km and Cool water from high latitudes flows southward from the edge of British Columbia to Baja; this is the California Current. Peru and east Australian Current flow in the Pacific Ocean. Waves move in the direction of winds. What is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator? The California Current is an example of an . Thus it is not simply equivalent to the mean flow. 2. Because carbon dioxide (CO 2) is less soluble in warm water, that could slow the ocean's uptake of CO 2 from the atmosphere. It flows down the east coast of Africa from 27°S to 40°S (Gordon, 1985). Equatorial currents. Transitional . Ocean quiz 18 Terms. The Indian Monsoon Current refers to the seasonally varying ocean current regime found in the tropical regions of the northern Indian Ocean.During winter, the flow of the upper ocean is directed westward from near the Indonesian Archipelago to the Arabian Sea.During the summer, the direction reverses, with eastward flow extending from Somalia into the Bay of Bengal. The Ocean Currents consist of horizontal and vertical components of the circulation system of ocean waters that is produced by gravity, wind friction, and water density variation in different parts of the ocean. This . The high-latitude warming may also be shifting weather patterns. Peru Current 18 Study ch 7 ocean currents flashcards from Shelby Plaugher's Fresno City College class online, . Surface . The Somali Current is a cold ocean boundary current that runs along the coast of Somalia and Oman in the Western Indian Ocean and is analogous to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean. 2. Ocean currents are also critically important to sea life. Somali Current is formed due to the […] As the warm water comes in, colder, denser water sinks and begins moving south—eventually flowing along the bottom of the ocean all the way to Antarctica. Seasonal Cycle and Annual Reversal of the Somali Current in an Eddy-Resolving Global Ocean Model. The Somali Current responds quickly to the onset of Chapter 9 42 Terms. What are five factors that affect current flow? Ocean currents flow from east to west near the equator. Ocean current. 2. In fact, this current is the continuation of the Benguela current. The second reason is upwelling. This phenomenon causes ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere to veer to the right and in the Southern Hemisphere to the left. Along with an ocean Current Map, The Warm Ocean Current, types of Ocean Currents. The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the South Indian Ocean. This creates a general circulation pattern where in both hemispheres, surface currents flow east to west between the equator and 30 o latitude, west to east between 30 o and 60 o, and east to west between 60 o and the poles (Figure 9.1.1). This imbalance caused low-salinity surface water from the northeast Indian Ocean to flow into the northwest Indian . One component of the South Equatorial Current turns to north and supplies the Somali Current up the east coast of Africa. Missing heat returns to Southern Ocean, making world's strongest currents flow faster. The Somali Current flows along the western boundary of northwest Africa in the Arabian Sea. Ocean Wave, The Currents : 4 currents of North Atlantic Ocean Gyre. Its maritime zone possesses one of the most important large marine ecosystems—the Somali Current Marine Ecosystems—in the Indian Ocean. instabilities of the ocean currents. Besides, some independent currents originate in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea and flow in south­westerly direction. Monsoon Current, also called Monsoon Drift, surface current of the northern Indian Ocean.Unlike the Atlantic and Pacific, both of which have strong currents circulating clockwise north of the Equator, the northern Indian Ocean has surface currents that change with the seasonal monsoon.During the northeast monsoon (November-March), the Indian North Equatorial Current (or Northeast Monsoon . The ocean is constantly in motion, moving water from place to place via currents. Somali Current reverses direction. An ocean current is a continuous movement of ocean water from one place to another. Wind along Arabia is especially intense ("Somali Jet" or "Findlater Jet"), like an atmospheric western boundary current. 2.3.9 Question Which has a larger flow, the world's largest river (Amazon) or the world's largest ocean current (West Wind Drift)? in the central equatorial Indian Ocean. Utility of ocean currents for seafarers in recorded history - e.g., use of Gulf Stream for trans-Atlantic trade 12. The Somali Current, located along the northeast coast of Africa in the Arabian Sea, is an atypical western boundary current that flows northward during boreal summer (southwest monsoon) and southward during boreal winter (northeast monsoon; Schott et al., 2009).The pronounced seasonality of the Somali Current has been linked to annually reversing Indian Ocean monsoon winds that . So while the Antarctic Ocean forms a sort of roundabout for the world's oceans, the Arctic Ocean is a cul de sac where the water flow is turned back. Can you think of another factor that would affect currents near coasts? Gravitational forces cause vertical movement of ocean waters. Circulation in the Arabian Sea is anticyclonic and the northward Somali Current (western boundary current) is fully developed. It will try to create an understanding of the Ocean current of the World. Answer: The Somali Current, which flows off of the East coast of Africa between \sim2 ^\circN-6 ^\circN is an example of a current that has been named and reverses its direction seasonally. Some currents flow for short distances; others cross entire ocean basins and even circle the globe. They are few. Somali current flows in the Indian Ocean. Eastern boundary currents are often associated with what process? (b) The deep ocean currents flow with high velocity. South Polar current flows in the Southern Ocean. Currents Flow in complex patterns affected by wind, the waters salinity, and heat content, bottom topography, and the earth's rotation 2.Can you think of another factor that would affect currents near glogioia. Water can only get out one of two ways: via the deep, from the Norwegian Sea towards the Atlantic, or on the surface thanks to the Greenland and Labrador Currents. Data from: Seasonal cycle and annual reversal of the Somali Current in an eddy-resolving global ocean model. 3. a large volume of water to flow within western boundary currents. From June to September, the North-Equatorial current is replaced by an easterly movement of water because of the South-west Monsoon wind. Somali current is also formed in summer by the eastward movement of water caused by the South-West monsoon Drift. The confluence of these two currents, one hot and the other cold, produce the famous fogs around Newfoundland. In the tropics, near the equator, warm air rises. Thermohaline circulation, also known as the ocean's conveyor belt, refers to the deep ocean density-driven ocean basin currents. Indian Ocean with the subtropical northern limit prevents a northward heat export, permitting only a weak ventila-tion of the thermocline from the north (Schott and others, 2009). The remote ocean response to these unique MJO events are investigated using a high resolution (1/25 ) global ocean general circulation model along with the satellite altimeter data. Greater values of gravitational forces cause the sinking and subsidence of water at the poles. Ocean Currents Web Quest Ocean Currents Ocean Planet - Smithsonian 1.What are five factors that affect current flow? Ocean Currents 25 Terms. Indeed, scientists have noticed worldwide rising . Warm ocean currents raise the temperature in cold areas. By Kamal Saini. Somali Current. In El Nino years, this current intensifies in the Pacific Ocean. Indigenous (ancient) knowledge of ocean currents - e.g., colonisation of Australia, Polynesia 11. These currents flow in the clockwise direction in the northern . The Somali jet forces major upwelling along the Arabian coast (offshore Ekman flow). This article will dive into the topic of what is Ocean current? Warm currents flow from equatorial regions towards the polar regions and hence have a higher surface temperature. Westward flow prevails south of 15°N and west of 65°E until late April, while in the remaining area currents are less and less well defined and change gradually into the weak anticyclonic pattern of Figure 11.4b. Somalia's 3,333 kilometer coastline is the largest in mainland Africa and endows the country with considerable marine resources. Don't forget to download the HD image of Ocean Currents Map . In the summer monsoon the Somali Current reverses to the north transporting 16.8 ± 1.2 Sv and 19.8 ± 0.6 Sv in the WOA05 and Argo results. Ocean water is on the move, affecting your climate, your local ecosystem, and the seafood that you eat. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. (c) Generally, surface ocean currents are formed in the equatorial regions. What are Ocean Currents? The Somali Current near the equator can therefore be generated far more rapidly than can the Gulf Stream in mid-latitudes. the eastward-flowing Equatorial Counter Current and the whole eastward flow from 7 to 15 °N is called the monsoon current. Its topics include ocean currents, the circulation of deep water, the . South-West Monsoon Drift originates in summer. bhaskaranishanth. As of 2016, more than 1.1 million Somali refugees were hosted in the region, mainly in Kenya, Yemen, Egypt, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and . Ocean waters are constantly on the move. These currents, which flow under the surface of the ocean and are thus hidden from immediate detection, are called submarine rivers. O riginating in the South Atlantic and Caribbean Sea, the Florida Current is formed when the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current and the Yucatan Current come together. The Summer Monsoon Current (SMC) flows eastward during the summer monsoon (May-September) and the Winter Monsoon Current (WMC) flows westward during the winter monsoon (November-February). 15. When ocean levels rise and fall at regualr intervals during the course of the day. The Labrador current flows along part of the east coast of Canada and meets the warm Gulf Stream. The Somali Current is a cold ocean boundary current that runs along the coast of Somalia and Oman in the Western Indian Ocean and is analogous to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean. Ocean currents are Vertical or horizontal movements of both surface and deep water masses in the world's oceans. See current wind, weather, ocean, and pollution conditions, as forecast by supercomputers, on an interactive animated map. The streams of water that flow constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions are called ocean currents. Home » Publications » Seasonal Cycle and Annual Reversal of the Somali Current in an Eddy-Resolving Global Ocean Model. Depending upon their temperature, ocean currents can be classified into warm currents and cold currents. Drift, Current, and Stream on the basis of the direction of flow, speed, and shape. As an analogy, you can perceive it as a river flowing over the ocean surface. In the model, the low-pass filtered velocity has a large STD for . In the northern hemisphere these currents form gyres that flow in a clock-wise direction. The Gulf Stream brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico all the way up to the Norwegian Sea. Northeast Monsoon (winter) Southeast Monsoon (summer) The Atlantic, Pacific, & Indian Oceans all have equatorial . Benguela Current The Benguela current drives water northward and westward into midocean. Hence it takes longer It is an Eastern Boundary Current and form s the eastern flank of the South Atlantic Gy re. 1 Introduction. 2. The time it takes for the ocean to adjust (for the currents to be generated) depends not only on the speed of certain oceanic waves, but also on the width of the ocean basin. Wang, He; McClean, Julie L.; Talley, Lynne D.; Yeager, Stephen (2018). A momentum budget analysis calculated from the model output shows that both annual Rossby waves and the life cycle of the Great . The seasonal reversal of the monsoonal winds cause reversal of the ocean currents such as the Somali Current in the western Indian Ocean, and the southwest and north- These two jet streams play an important role in the formation and progression of Indian Monsoons. 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