Code Regs., tit. Docking wages for disciplinary reasons is contrary to Californias policy that an employer must pay, without deduction except for those authorized by law, the full wages an employee has earned.18, On the other hand, docking a salary for missing full days of work due to a disciplinary suspension will not cause a loss of exempt status unless the remaining salary earned during the month in which the deduction was made causes the monthly salary to fall below the threshold required for exempt employee status.19. California: To qualify for the administrative, professional and executive exemptions in California, employees must meet certain salary and duties tests and must be paid at least twice the state minimum hourly wage based on a 40-hour week. For instance, Joe tells Megan he is making $1,200 a week for working 40-hours, doing the same type of job. Very helpful with any questions and concerns and I can't thank them enough for the experience I had. A salary that is tied to the number of hours worked, with no minimum guarantee, is treated as the payment of hourly wages and will not satisfy the exemptions salary requirement.11, To meet the salary test, an employee must be paid a monthly salary that is at least twice the state minimum wage for full-time employment.12, Full-time employment, for these purposes, is defined as 40 hours per week.13 And the phrase monthly salary refers to the amount of wages paid in a month, not to the frequency of paymentmost employees are entitled to be paid twice a month.14. The District offers a comprehensive package of insurance . To make things a bit easier, we've built the calculator below for employees to check the minimum salary an employee in their situation is normally entitled to receive under California law. [3] DUTIES TEST REMAINS UNCHANGED 2023 California Employers Association. Successful wage and hour class action lawsuits often involve, When an employee is improperly classified as exempt, the employer may owe the employee damages for unpaid overtime. 905, 909] [adopting Labor Secretarys view that employees whose pay is adjusted for disciplinary reasons do not deserve exempt status because as a general matter true executive, administrative, or professional employees are not disciplined by piecemeal deductions from their pay, but are terminated, demoted, or given restricted assignments]., See, e.g., Prachasaisoradej v. Ralphs Grocery Co., Inc. (2007) 42 Cal.4th 217, 231 [the public policy of special protection for wages generally had been expressed in numerous statutes and decisions that required the prompt and full payment of wages due, as the employees exclusive property]., See Dept. If you work in a city or county with a higher minimum wage, you must be paid the higher local minimum wage.16. 541.600(a) [To qualify as an exempt executive, administrative or professional employee under section 13(a)(1) of the Act, an employee must be compensated on a salary basis at a rate of not less than $455 per week (or $380 per week, if employed in American Samoa by employers other than the Federal Government), exclusive of board, lodging or other facilities.]; see also Cal. As such, the minimum exempt employee salary for the white collar exemptions are increasing in 2023 to $64,480 per year. How Many Jobs Are Available in Capital Goods? The National Law Review - National Law Forum LLC 3 Grant Square #141 Hinsdale, IL 60521 Telephone (708) 357-3317 ortollfree(877)357-3317. A provision in California law allows minimum wages of at least $15 to be raised annually for any increase in inflation of over 7% as measured by the national Consumer Price Index, and that is what is now happening. However, California employers are required to pay salaried exempt employees at. The new minimum salary for employees who otherwise qualify to be exempt . Example: Toni works in a call center with about 20 other employees. (a)(2)(A)(C)., Labor Code, 515.5, subd. The state minimum wage also governs the exempt employee threshold salary, which has increased accordingly. The employees earnings are more than one-and-a-half times the minimum wage. For individuals to qualify as exempt employees, California requires that: California's Healthy Workplaces Healthy Families Act (HWHFA) has also been expanded to allow an employee to take unpaid leave to care for a family member, which includes a "designated person" defined as "a person identified by the employee at the time the employee requests paid sick days." Do not allow your employer to save on overtime rates if you should be non-exempt. 8, 11040, subd. Medical interns and residents do not qualify. California law provides that overtime-exempt employees must receive a salary that is not less than two times the state minimum wage. Docking an employees pay for missing less than a full day of work amounts to treating the employee as an hourly employee, rather than a salaried employee.21. The following Frequently Asked Questions guidance is meant to address specific questions relating to SB 3 (Leno, Chapter 4, Statutes of 2016) and how the phase-in of minimum wage rates applied. A salary, for these purposes, is a fixed minimum payment of wages that is paid regardless of hours worked or the amount or quality of work performed.10 Employees who are paid an hourly wage cannot be classified as exempt employeeseven if their work consists primarily of job duties that would otherwise be considered exempt. Will Changes to the Option To Tax Regime Impact UK Insolvency Sales? These records must be kept for three years after the employees separation from the company and made available to the California Labor Commissioner for inspection. The list includes some special districts in states but does not include all of said districts. If this article was helpful, you already know you can trust us. Consult with a California Minimum Wage for Exempt Attorney As of January 1, 2023, California law requires exempt employees to earn at least $64,480per year as their base salary. Employees who are paid an hourly wage are usually considered non-exempt.9 (Although there are a number of job-specific exemptions that apply to certain types of hourly employees, like commissioned employees, outside salespersons, and computer professionals.). The Fair Pay Act provides similar protections to employees of another race or ethnicity.24, Employers who violate the Equal Pay Act are liable to employees for unpaid wages and interest. See also, 8 C.C.R 11040. An employee may recover reinstatement and reimbursement for lost wages and work caused by the acts of the employer, including interest and appropriate equitable relief.32. Previously, the State of California employed a two-tiered minimum wage system, requiring employers with 25 or more employees to pay a higher minimum wage than employers with fewer than 25 employees. For those who are properly classified as computer professionals, the minimum salary amounts are increasing for 2023 as follows: For those properly classified as a licensed physician or surgeon, the minimum salary amount is increasing for 2023 as follows: Have more questions on how to properly pay your employees or the exempt v. non-exempt classifications? However, the leave must be completed within three months of the family members death. Applicability of Order This order shall apply to all persons employed in professional, technical, clerical, mechanical, and similar occupations whether paid on a time, piece rate, commission, or other basis, except that: (A) Provisions of sections 3 through 12 shall not apply to persons employed in administrative, executive, or professional capacities.), Labor Code 1197.5 LC Wages, Hours and Working Conditions. Most exempt employees receive an increase in any fiscal year in which a general salary increase is provided to civil service employees. To find out more, click here. The result is the required monthly salary. The law requires employers to post public wage information, including the current minimum wage rate. At Mara Law Firm, we work to resolve wage claims as effectively and efficiently as possible, and we can review whether you and/or your coworkers have a wage claim. ), Conley v. Pacific Gas & Electric Co. (2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 260, 267 [It is undisputed that the combined effect of these provisions of federal law is to preclude employers from docking the pay of an employee for an absence of less than a day (a partial-day absence ). Confidentiality and Non-Disparagement Agreements with Non-Supervisory USCIS Confirms It Will Accept Employment-Based I-485 Applications New Jersey Enacts Bill of Rights for Temporary Workers, DOJ Implements Nationwide Voluntary Self-Disclosure Program. Licensed physicians and surgeons are sometimes exempt for the purposes of overtime compensation. California employers are required to post several notices and distribute a number of pamphlets informing employees of their employment rights.Effective January 1, 2023, eight (8) out of eighteen (18) of these required notices will be updated. Please be advised that effective January 1, 2023, the state of California will be increasing the minimum wage for non-exempt employees to $15.50 per hour from $15.00 per hour. This increase in the minimum wage affects not only non-exempt employees, but also the minimum annual salary requirement for overtime exempt employees. In 2023, the minimum wage rates for all employers will increase to $15.50 to level out the playing field. At present in 2022, the minimum wage is $15.00 per hour for employers with 25 or more workers and $14.00 per hour for employers with fewer than 25 workers. Some cities and counties have higher minimum wages. Effective January 1, 2023, the minimum wage rate for all California employers - regardless of size - will increase to $15.50/hour. Labor Commissioner's Office; 2017-2023 $15 Minimum Wage Phase in Requirement Frequently Asked Questions. Accounting for Bonus, Commissions and Other Forms of Compensations 4. Once all of the local increases are announced forJanuary 1, 2023, we will provide that information on our blog and update our Fact Sheet (be sure to download the 2023 version in January)! The list does not include the city/county thresholds for California. Employers are prohibited from discriminating against an applicant or employee based on reproductive health decisions. Employers with 26 or more employees pay $15 per hour. Salary Considerations. Code of Regs., tit. See Los Angeles County Minimum Wage Ordinance. California Assembly Bill Pushes for Womens Designated Restrooms on Mississippi Legislature Takes Up Pass-Through Entity Election FTC Signals Increased Scrutiny of Technology Sector Through Understanding the Corporate Transparency Act and Ensuring Compliance. Each year, on January 1st from 2017 and 2023, the minimum wage is set to increase. In order to receive Membership Discounts, please login. (a)(4); Overtime Exemption for Computer Software Employees (Oct. 2022), available here (Opens in new window)., Cal. The content and links on www.NatLawReview.comare intended for general information purposes only. Current $15.00/hour rate expected to increase on 1/1/23, as it will be below the state minimum wage. (c) [excluding short-term productivity bonuses, bonus and profit-sharing plans that are not based on a fixed percentage of sales or profits, and [t]emporary, variable incentive payments that increase, but do not decrease, payment under the written contract from the statutory definition of a commission]., Overtime Exemption for Licensed Physicians and Surgeons (Oct. 2022), available here (Opens in new window), Labor Code, 515.6 [Section 510 shall not apply to any employee who is a licensed physician or surgeon, who is primarily engaged in duties that require licensure pursuant to Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 2000) of Division 2 of the Business and Professions Code, and whose hourly rate of pay is equal to or greater than fifty-five dollars ($55.00). Something to consider. Waters of the United States and Winston Churchill. California employers should note that the state minimum wage is scheduled to increase in phases between 2017 and 2022. Simply paying an employee a salary does not make them exempt, nor does it change any requirements for compliance with wage and hour laws. Labor Code 1182.12 LC Minimum wage; scheduled increases; adjusted minimum wage; temporary suspension of increases. Labor Code 1182.12 LC, endnote 8 above. In addition, the employer must compensate the employee for any overtime at no less than one and one-half (1 ) times the minimum hourly wage.26. On January 1, 2023, California's . Employers in these industries should continue to watch out for updates and developments over the next year. . Strategies for Protecting Standard Essential Department Of Justice Introduces Voluntary Self-Disclosure Policy For Minnesota Supreme Court Clarifies State Law Standards for Severe or Gold Dome Report Legislative Day 25 (2023). 8, 1101011170 [wage orders of the California Industrial Welfare Commission]., See, e.g., Cal. In general, this website is an advertisement for attorney Kyle D. Smith. Can my employer pay men and women different salaries? The state's minimum wage increased on January 1, 2023. CEA members can access all current local minimum wage requirements in our Local Minimum Wage Fact Sheet on our HR Forms page. Any legal analysis, legislative updates or other content and links should not be construed as legal or professional advice or a substitute for such advice. Non-exempt employees are protected by Californias minimum wage laws, even if they are paid a regular salary. For questions about California salary laws and violations or to discuss your case confidentially with one of our skilled California labor and employment attorneys, do not hesitate to contact us at Shouse Law Group. Exempt v. Excluded Employees The term "exempt" is often confused with "excluded", however they are different. The notice must be posted within one day of when the employer receives notice of potential exposure. They work in either: the retail industry, or a professional, technical, or clerical occupation., Be paid at an hourly rate of at least $97.99 per hour., Perform, as their primary duties, tasks that require them to be licensed., The employee must be primarily engaged in work that is intellectual or creative., The employees primary duties must require the exercise of discretion and independent judgment., The employee must be highly skilled in a field of computer systems analysis, programming, or software engineering., The employees primary duties must involve designing or developing computer hardware or software., If the employee is hourly, they must be paid at least $53.80 per hour., If the employee is salaried, they must earn at least $112,065.20 per year.. If you are not sure whether you are an exempt employee, please review our article explaining the difference between exempt and non-exempt employees in California. To find out more, click here. The Definition of Exempt Employee in California. Reproductive health decisions include a decision to use or access a particular drug, device, product, or medical service for reproductive health., Anti-Retaliation Protections for Employees during Emergency Conditions. To fall under this exemption, the physician or surgeon must: The applicability of this exemption is limited. As non-exempt employees, salaried employees who work over the maximum number of hours should be paid based on California overtime laws. CEA members receive unlimited HR assistance on these and other HR questions, Monday through Friday, between 8 am and 5 pm by calling 800.399.5331 or emailing us at [emailprotected]. 8, 1101011170, subds. Cal., 2019), 928 F.3d 810, California Minimum Wage for Employers with 26 or more employees, California Minimum Wage for Employers with 25 or fewer employees, Minimum Salary for Exempt White-Collar Workers at Employers with 26 or more employees, Minimum Salary for Exempt White-Collar Workers at Employers with 25 or fewer employees. California employers should work with their payroll providers to increase the relevant minimum wage for affected exempt and non-exempt employees, and ensure that the new rate is paid and properly recorded on employee pay stubs by January 1, 2023. . The Fair Pay Act also provides protections for equal pay based on race or ethnicity.5. Proposed Nursing Home Disclosure Requirements Target Private Equity Regulation in the Post-FTX Environment: SECs Proposed Enhanced Can a Child Decide Whom They Want to Live With in Michigan? Effective January 1, 2023, California employers will be required to meet new minimum wage requirements, at both the state and local level. If an employer does not have an existing policy, then the leave may be unpaid. It is still important for employees to keep a close watch on their pay, especially as the laws require higher pay in a new year. California labor and employment law lawyers. Companies in California are notorious for trampling on the rights of workers. The National Law Review is not a law firm nor is www.NatLawReview.com intended to be a referral service for attorneys and/or other professionals. Draft the To Each Their Own: Agency Must Consider Experience of Each Partner in CMS Updates List of Telehealth Services for CY 2023, What You Need to Know About the New Tariffs on Imports from Russia. Good News for American Businesses: H1-B Denial Rates Plummet Under USCIS Extends Comment Period for Proposed Fee Increases, OFCCP Rescinds Trump-Era Religious Exemption Rule. US Executive Branch Update February 28, 2023. To qualify for the California computer professional exemption, starting January 1, 2023, California employers must pay their computer professional employees a salary of at least $112,065.20 annually ($9,338.78 monthly) or an hourly wage of $53.80 every hour worked. A system that measures earnings by quantity or quality of production. 3., Cal. Consultations Are Free and Confidential. California employers with 100 or more employees must submit a pay data report to the California Civil Rights Department every year on or before the second Wednesday of May. This Week in 340B: February 21 27, 2023. In 2023, an employee in your situation is usually entitled to a minimum wage of at least $15.5015.50 per hour, plus overtime if you work more than 8 hours in a day or 40 hours in a week. In calculating an employees salary for the purposes of the salary test for exempt employees, employers are permitted to deduct any unpaid vacation days or personal days that are taken by the employee.20 Importantly, however, the deductions must reflect a full day of pay due to absence from work. So that means the minimum exempt salary will also rise each year as follows . At the lower level most are making above $15.50. Code of Regs., tit. The following list contains the local minimum wage rate, effective January 1, 2023, for non-exempt employees working in each of the California cities listed below: $16.32/hour (100 or more employees, including people employed outside the city). Non-exempt salaried employees are protected by California minimum wage laws. Nota Bene Episode 160: European Update: Oliver Heinisch and Scott Federal Communications Commission to Consider Rules and Proposals to Whats the Standard? The Fair Pay Act and Equal Pay Act are intended to reduce the disparity in how men and women are compensated for performing similar jobs. . The employer may also owe the employee one hours pay for each meal break the employee was denied.30, If an employer violates the California Equal Pay Act, the employer may be liable to the employee for, If an employer retaliates against an employee in violation of the California Equal Pay Act, through a reduction in salary, reduced hours, or termination, the employee may be able to recover damages. 2023 THE MARA LAW FIRM PC. Employers must also make sure to clearly show an employees salary or pay rate on their pay statements. Many employers try to get around paying overtime by telling employees they are exempt when they should qualify for overtime under the law. However, an employer cannot lower an employees salary, The Equal Pay Act protects employees who ask about another employees wages or disclose their own wage or salary. (9th Cir. To qualify for this exemption, the following requirements must be met: Commissions are wage payments that an employee is entitled to as a result of sales they make. is not based on or derived from a sex-based differential in compensation, is job-related with respect to the position in question, and. Under certain state laws the following statements may be required on this website and we have included them in order to be in full compliance with these rules. (B) If an employer fails to provide an employee a meal period in accordance with the applicable provisions of this order, the employer shall pay the employee one (1) hour of pay at the employees regular rate of compensation for each workday that the meal period is not provided. If you contact any attorneys or law firms mentioned on this website, you are initiating a professional relationship with us within the meaning of rule 7.3, subdivision (a)(2), of the California Rules of Professional Conduct. On January 1, 2023, California's statewide minimum wage will increase to $15.50 per hour for all employees, regardless of the size of their employer. Full-time employment is defined in Labor Code Section 515(c) as 40 hours per week.) See also sections (1)(A)(2)(g); and (1)(A)(3)(d). Further, if your employer wants to keep you as exempt, they must increase your salary to meet the minimum wage threshold. destination entry form, Is scheduled to increase in the minimum wage paying overtime by telling employees they paid... Is not less than two times the minimum wage laws in states but does not include the city/county thresholds California... Increased on January 1, 2023, California & # x27 ; s Office ; 2017-2023 15... Qualify to be exempt s Office ; 2017-2023 $ 15 minimum wage rate: European Update Oliver! Health decisions they should qualify for overtime exempt employees receive an increase in the minimum wage ; suspension... One-And-A-Half times the state & # x27 ; s minimum wage Fact Sheet on our HR page! Notorious for trampling on the rights of workers these industries should continue to watch out for and... Are prohibited from discriminating against an applicant or employee based on or derived from a sex-based differential in compensation is! Federal Communications Commission to Consider Rules and Proposals to Whats the Standard number hours. Respect to the position in question, and cea members can access all current minimum! Impact UK Insolvency Sales 340B: February 21 27, 2023, the minimum annual salary requirement for under. Other employees > destination entry form < /a > rate on their statements. Includes some special districts in states but does not include all of said districts: Toni works in city! Pay rate on their pay statements overtime laws be paid based on reproductive health decisions wage ; temporary of. Minimum wage is set to increase to post public wage information, including current. Salary will also rise each year as follows for employees who otherwise qualify to exempt... Number of hours should be paid based on or derived from a differential! The same type of job increase on 1/1/23, as it will be below the state & x27! Only non-exempt employees are protected by Californias minimum wage affects not only non-exempt employees, employees! Employers in these industries should continue to watch out for updates and developments the... Is www.NatLawReview.com intended to be a referral service for attorneys and/or other professionals suspension. By California minimum wage is scheduled to increase on 1/1/23, as it will be below state! 15 per hour in a call center with about 20 other employees may be unpaid: Oliver Heinisch and Federal... Not have an existing policy, then the leave may be unpaid the leave be... Wage is set to increase on 1/1/23, as it will be below state. Which has increased accordingly an advertisement for attorney Kyle D. Smith question and. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( C.. From 2017 and 2022 public wage information, including the current minimum wage Fact Sheet on our HR Forms.. Current minimum wage, you already know you can trust us the content and links www.NatLawReview.comare!, you already know you can trust us, this website is an advertisement for attorney D.... Compensation, is job-related with respect to the Option to Tax Regime Impact Insolvency! Below the state & # x27 ; s minimum wage salaried employees who otherwise qualify be... To receive Membership Discounts, please login, as it will be below state! Employer receives notice of potential exposure employees pay $ 15 minimum wage type... Questions and concerns and I ca n't thank them enough for the experience I had my employer pay and. A general salary increase is provided to civil service employees for instance, tells... Must receive a salary that is not based on race or ethnicity.5 companies in California notorious. Many employers try to get around paying overtime by telling employees they are paid a regular salary post public information! And working Conditions or quality of production but also the minimum wage rates for employers! Commissioner & # x27 ; s Office ; 2017-2023 $ 15 per hour employees they are exempt when they qualify! Their pay statements 1, 2023, California employers should note that the california minimum salary for exempt employees 2023 wage. And developments over the maximum number of hours should be non-exempt employer wants to keep you exempt...: //aviationsalestraining.com/9g50hl2/archive.php? page=destination-entry-form '' > destination entry form < /a > employee threshold salary, has... Links on www.NatLawReview.comare intended for general information purposes only Heinisch and Scott Federal Communications to! Www.Natlawreview.Com intended to be exempt local minimum wage.16 intended to be exempt Option to Tax Regime Impact UK Insolvency?. ), Labor Code 1197.5 LC Wages, hours and working Conditions for! Family members death salary, which has increased accordingly rate on their pay statements on. Wage rate for all employers will increase to $ california minimum salary for exempt employees 2023 per year employees they are paid regular. But also the minimum annual salary requirement for overtime under the law requires employers to post wage! When the employer receives notice of potential exposure each year as follows works... Or employee based on California overtime laws California are notorious for trampling on the rights workers... Increase in any fiscal year in which a general salary increase is provided to civil service employees and I n't! Salaried employees are protected by California minimum wage ; scheduled increases ; adjusted minimum rate! Earnings are more than one-and-a-half times the minimum wage rate number of hours be!, on January 1, 2023 different salaries know you can trust us set... Rise each year as follows over the maximum number of hours should be paid the local! 15.00/Hour rate expected to increase on 1/1/23, as it will be below the state minimum wage rate exempt. Overtime rates if you should be paid based on race or ethnicity.5 is an advertisement for attorney D.! Surgeons are sometimes exempt for the purposes of overtime compensation a system that measures by... Physicians and surgeons are sometimes exempt for the purposes of overtime compensation most are making $. For equal pay based on California overtime laws cea members can access all current local wage. Employees who otherwise qualify to be exempt Rules and Proposals to Whats the Standard referral service for and/or... Public wage information, including the current minimum wage for general information purposes only try get! Or derived from a sex-based differential in compensation, is job-related with respect the! Trampling on the rights of workers you work in a city or county with a higher minimum wage for. 1101011170 [ wage orders of the California Industrial Welfare Commission ]., Labor Code 515.5. Minimum annual salary requirement for overtime exempt employees at city or county with a higher minimum wage for working,. Salary increase is provided to civil service employees licensed physicians and surgeons are sometimes exempt for the experience I.... All current local minimum wage.16 you must be completed within three months of the family members death wage,. Than two times the minimum exempt salary will also rise each year as.! Provided to civil service employees Insolvency Sales Frequently Asked questions hours and working Conditions rate... If an employer does not include all of said districts can trust us $ 1,200 a week for working,... Californias minimum wage ; temporary suspension of increases the list includes some special districts in states but does include! An employer does not have an existing policy, then the leave may be unpaid 40-hours... To watch out for updates and developments over the next year or pay rate on their pay statements measures! Working 40-hours, doing the same type of job most exempt employees at are making above $ 15.50 to out. [ 3 california minimum salary for exempt employees 2023 DUTIES TEST REMAINS UNCHANGED 2023 California employers - regardless of size - will increase to $.. You should be non-exempt $ 15.50/hour Phase in requirement Frequently Asked questions by Californias wage... Scheduled to increase on 1/1/23, as it will be below the state wage! Below the state & # x27 ; s Office ; 2017-2023 $ 15 california minimum salary for exempt employees 2023 wage is set to on! With respect to the Option to Tax Regime Impact UK Insolvency Sales rise each year as follows leave must posted... Requirement for overtime under the law requires employers to post public wage information, including the current minimum is... Week. pay statements wage orders of the family members death but does not have an policy... Out for updates and developments over the next year, the minimum exempt salary.: Oliver Heinisch and Scott Federal Communications Commission to Consider Rules and Proposals to Whats Standard. Week in 340B: February 21 27, 2023, the minimum wage is to. D. Smith law Review is not a law firm nor is www.NatLawReview.com to! Experience I had referral service for attorneys and/or other professionals notorious for trampling on the rights of.! Such, the minimum wage ; scheduled increases ; adjusted minimum wage ; scheduled increases ; adjusted wage. Developments over the maximum number of hours should be paid based on race or ethnicity.5 my pay. Overtime laws expected to increase on 1/1/23, as it will be below state! 20 other employees information purposes only: the applicability of this exemption, minimum! Regime Impact UK Insolvency Sales exempt employees at be posted within one day of the. You as exempt, they must increase your salary to meet the minimum annual salary requirement for overtime the. Their pay statements that is not less than two times the state minimum wage set... Not allow your employer to save on overtime rates if you should be non-exempt industries should continue to out... //Aviationsalestraining.Com/9G50Hl2/Archive.Php? page=destination-entry-form '' > destination entry form < /a > week )., Commissions and other Forms of Compensations 4 if this article was helpful, you already know can! Most exempt employees receive an increase in phases between 2017 and 2023, physician! 1182.12 LC minimum wage ; scheduled increases ; adjusted minimum wage scheduled to increase in the minimum wage laws minimum!

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