Jenna Pope from Southern California on August 31, 2012: It is so awful how people who are different are treated. Wellcome Library, LondonAn ad for Julia Pastranas show. After Lent's death, Julia's body would change hands numerous times and be exhibited all over the place by a variety of fairs, circuses, and cabinets of curiosities. That must have been de0humanizing to Lent. Years ago such individuals during the time of slavery were seen not as persons but animals. The newspapers of the day said she was hideous, but in her favor she had a very nice singing voice. Dr. Nicholas Mrquez-Grant (left) and attendants from T. S. Jacobsen funeral agency with Julia Pastrana's coffin, 2013 Photo: Laura Anderson Barbata. Much of the interest in Pastrana stems from what happened after her death. Thanks for sharing this sad story. Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. Nell Rose (author) from England on June 13, 2012: Hi shara, that is so true, thank you so much, I am glad you liked it, cheers nell. thanks so much for reading, cheers nell. I guess, some people are born with sad stories and she is definitely one of them. But he harbored a secret life: a sadomasochistic marriage to his working-class servant Hannah Cullwick from 1873, and an obsessive lust for working-class women. To the public eye, she did have a very strange appearance. Being kept in a Museum is still showing the height of disrespect for Julia still being treated as an animal. Theodor Lent became more and more aggressive, and by the time they had toured through Poland and Russia, Julia realized that she was pregnant. Nell Rose (author) from England on November 18, 2012: Thanks unknown spy, glad you liked it, nell. Follow her on Twitter @LJCharleston, To join the conversation, please Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature. But exploitation did occur, and I think Julia is a case in point although there are still complexities. [17] Although generically referred to as a "mummy" by some authors, her preserved body was technically not a mummy because it was not mummified. He renamed her Zenora Pastrana, luring in audiences with the claim that she was Julias younger sister. You are an excellent writer Nell. I am glad she did get the burial she deserved, but what a horrible time she had poor girl, thanks so much for reading, nell. On one of these occasions, she was given the honour of dancing with the soldiers, who lined up to have the chance to dance with this unique but strange human being. lol! Heidi Thorne from Chicago Area on May 04, 2014: This story just shows how far society has really come in acceptance of those who are different than we are. This story made me tear up. BookTok is Good, Actually: On the Undersung Joys of a Vast and Multifarious Platform, 10 Crime Novels You Should Read This March, 11 Speculative Fiction Titles Out in 2023 Perfect for Crime Fans, Women Outside the Structure: Victorian Widows and Governesses. I also admire her and think she must have been such an amazing lady. It was not until 2013 that she was finally laid to rest in her birthplace of Mexico with a proper burial. This not only reveals how people processed freak displays but also how the freak never engendered a similar response it depended on your outlook. Barbatas art is often long-term and participatory, engaging in practices such asstilt-dancing in Trinidad and Tobago and Mexico, and papermaking in the Amazon of Venezuela. Rumors abound about her early years: she was sold into show business by her parents; she was left to die in a forest but was miraculously rescued; she was protected by her mother, who, hailing from a so-called Root-Digger Indian tribe, fled the community when Pastrana was born. He took her to many different Doctors who were afraid that she would not be able to have the child naturally because they believed her hips would be malformed. Looking at the image of Julia she looked like an African cross bread with an Indian. Don't have an account? From residencies, fellowships, and workshops to grants, open calls, and commissions, our monthly list of opportunities for artists, writers, and art workers. Nell Rose (author) from England on April 22, 2017: Thanks so much Lauren, glad you liked it. A year later, Marie gave the corpses to a German impresario and they were exhibited in numerous fairs. It must have been pretty confusing because the animal was capable of singing and speaking in different languages to cook and sew and dance. [2] Hundreds of people attended her Catholic funeral, and her remains were buried in a cemetery in Sinaloa de Leyva, a town near her birthplace. The marriage lasted 15 years until 1895, when the pair were divorced, and Jones subsequently married again. Thank you for reading. sounds fascinating. I'd never heard of Julia or her condition before and your depiction of her life is both compelling and heart warming. Wikimedia CommonsJulia Pastrana was billed as The Ape Woman and drew crowds all over the United States and Europe. Nell Rose (author) from England on September 04, 2015: Thanks so much m abdullah, glad you liked it, nell. Then, somehow, she found her way into show business. For example, in the 17th century, Jacob Bontius blamed Indigenous Indian women for the existence of orangutans, claiming that they mixed with apes and monkeys with detestable sensuality., Charles Darwin, for his part, described her as a remarkably fine woman albeit with a thick masculine beard and a hairy forehead. A zoologist named Francis Buckland, who examined Pastrana in 1857, largely agreed. They make up half of NYUs full-time professors, and they want living wages and academic freedom. Hi The Annoying Life, love the name! I just noticed some commented two years ago that an effort was being made to bring her to Mexico for burial. Peg Cole from North Dallas, Texas on May 04, 2014: Beautifully written and touching story, Nell. Because of that, it was exposed as an attraction in various shows. Pegasus Books. They went on to have a child and just before she died, she allegedly said, I die happy; I know I have been loved for myself. We dont know much about their relationship, so why discount love?, LJ Charleston is a freelance journalist. She arrived, steeped in mystery, and her life was as strange and sad as her birth. Then in 1990, Julia was eventually found in the basement of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, in Oslo, Norway. When she died in 1860 following a difficult childbirth, both she and her infant son were embalmed. Founded in 2009, Hyperallergic is headquartered in Brooklyn, New York. By this time she was being 'shown' by a Mr Theodore Lent who became, in a sense her manager, helping her with her dancing and singing on stage. Engraving of the embalmed Julia Pastrana with her son (at right) (1862) (via Wellcome Collection), Laura Anderson Barbata, Julia y Laura (2013) in The Eye of the Beholder: Julia Pastranas Long Journey Home (photo of the book for Hyperallergic). Levertis Steele from Southern Clime on May 04, 2014: Oh, how sad. Bartra, Roger. The Sad Story Of Julia Pastrana, The Ape Woman Sideshow Performer. She was so incredibly tolerant and embraced a tough situation admirably. An excellent hub Nell, well written and thought provoking. I suppose people with severe birth defects have been protected from public exploitation. Julia Pastrana has come home, declared Saul Rubio Ayala, the mayor of Sinaloa de Leyva. Cover of The Eye of the Beholder: Julia Pastranas Long Journey Home (courtesy Lucia|Marquand). The newborn would only survive a little over a day after his birth and he had inherited the condition that made his mother famous he too was covered in dark hair. Billed as "the missing link" between apes and man, Julia Pastrana was checked out by several physicians who produced certificates which were displayed wherever Pastrana went on tour stating that she was not really a woman at all, but rather a new species of half-human, half-ape hybrid. Soon she became better known on stage than just being a 'Freak', as they used to call people like her. It's her face and she is stuck with it pretty much. At four and a half feet, she was also said to look very like an ape in features. Literature produced by those who managed the freak shows she appeared in described her as belonging to a Native American tribe called "Root Diggers" whose members were similar to apes and lived in caves. This was enough to give Lent a nervous break down. Her last words were apparently: I die happy; I know I have been loved for myself. But Lents actions suggest otherwise. She was then transferred to the custody of her uncle, who sold her to the circus. Whats more, hirsute women like Pastrana came to signify hypersexuality, primitivism and bestiality. Realising that she would earn him lots of money, he decided to start showing her to the public, A quote from the time stated her as, The Great Freak of Nature. It is good to know she was eventually returned home for a dignified burial she deserved. However, during her performances, she demonstrated her intelligence and talent: singing, dancing, and interacting with the audience.[10]. Thanks to the efforts of Sinaloa state governor Mario Lpez Valdez, New York-based visual artist Laura Anderson Barbata, and Norwegian authorities, Julia Pastrana was finally repatriated and laid to rest in a town near the place she was said to have been born in Sinaloa. [11] Lent later found another woman with similar features, married her and changed her name from Marie Bartel to Zenora Pastrana, becoming wealthy from her exhibition. LongTimeMother from Australia on May 04, 2014: Nell, it would have been nice had she been buried with her child, but it sounds like that didn't happen. the "Ape Woman", the "Bear Woman", and "The Nondescript". seriously, thanks for reading, and yes people back then were seen as animals, makes me so mad. Lent unbelievably went on to marry another woman who looked liked Julia, and after a while, he then made claim to the fact that his new wife was Julia's sister. She was aware of the fact that she was different but used her small frame and powerful persona to her advantage. She went through a lot. Buckland was influenced by natural theology which asserted the centrality of God in nature. Suspiciously Suspect:Who Isand Isn'tan Unreliable Narrator? It was identified in 1990 and for many years rested in a sealed coffin at the Department of Anatomy, Oslo University. Pastrana's body has since been relocated to Sinaloa, and was buried in a cemetery in Sinaloa de Levya in February 2013. Keep our minds opened to things few people talk about and even fewer know about, Nell. yes I believe that Julia should have a proper burial with a statue above it to show the world how wonderful she was, thanks so much for reading, and I am glad you liked it, cheers nell, You have provided the spice in my coffee this morning. thanks for reading. Others called her the Bearded lady. In 1864, they were being displayed around Sweden. It affected her very deeply in her heart with sadness, Otto related. Nell Rose (author) from England on June 25, 2012: Hi floriferous, I remember that on tv too, the bullying starts at school and spills over to adult life, even now, over a hundred years later, its still the same, will we never learn? In his alma mater, Trinity College, there are volumes of his diaries, notebooks and photograph albums that document, in minute detail, his fascination with working women, from pit girls to collier girls to acrobats and even women with no noses. In 1860, Pastrana died in Moscow after giving birth to Lent's son, who inherited his mother's condition. Humanity is disgraceful. According to Dr Woolf, this description probably went a long way towards many people denying Pastrana her humanity. "El trgico viaje de una mujer salvaje mexicana al mundo civilizado". My nephew is a midget and he has been made fun of his whole life but he has a heart of gold, just sweet, takes it in stride. Not much is known about Pastranas early life which was plagued by rumours: she was left to die in a forest but was rescued or that she was sold into show business. What she had experienced is appalling. 2010. She was cruelly labelled the Baboon Lady, The Marvellous Hybrid or Bear Woman. Nell Rose (author) from England on May 19, 2012: Thanks Cathleen, glad you liked it, cheers nell. Complications during birth left her weak and drained. Many freak performers faced lives of destitution or dependency but, in the freak show, they were often celebrated performers who made comfortable livings. And then where would that leave him? you have a great point there! These reactions provide a really interesting insight into how people viewed freaks. Someone must have cared enough about her to educate her, and teach her to sing and dance, don't you think?? Not many people believed that these mummies could possibly be real. They were so cruel to her. It was 162 years ago this month that Pastrana was first put on display for the public, with newspaper advertisements using the most vile racist descriptions of her. Julia Pastrana was a famous sideshow performer in her day, but her celebrity was marred by racism and bigotry. She does look unique and even before reading this, the first thing that came to mind was orangutan, which is what her appearance resembles, but I'm sure she had other qualities and attributes that people overlooked since they were fixated on her face and excessive body hair. Wonderful story shows how debase people are and cruel. She was a very strong woman to keep her dignity as long as she did. Julia Pastrana was bought and sold like a possession as well. Here Are the Best Reviewed Books of the Month. Hyperallergic is a forum for serious, playful, and radical thinking about art in the world today. Mme Fortune Clofullia, another bearded lady who featured in Barnums museum from the 1850s, also had a husband as well as a son who would sometimes appear with his mother onstage. Julia Pastrana was born in the mountains of Western Mexico in 1834. I will be back to read more of them. Sadly the child died after thirty-five hours. All times AEDT (GMT +11). Maybe she could draw a distinction between her freak show persona, The Baboon Lady, and her identity offstage as Julia Pastrana. The press, who were given a private view along with men of medicine, praised her very pretty whiskers, double gums, and strange set of teeth, declaring that she dresses with great taste in rich Spanish and other costumes, and after each performance comes among the audience to converse and answer questions.. Today we find the behavior of Julia's promoters deplorable, whereas in years past, exploitation was perfectly acceptable for many. Victorian audiences, eager for circuses and freak shows, flocked to her shows, while scientists also marveled over Pastranas condition. Indeed, the Regent Gallery was a prime location with a proud tradition of freak shows: the Gigantic Youth from Yorkshire was shown at 50 Piccadilly in 1812, having already, allegedly, been introduced to Majesties, and Royal Family, at Windsor. Around 1817 to 1829, a Fat Boy, three years old, was on display for 1 shilling at 183 Piccadillly and, in the mid-1840s, the Human Tripod was exhibited for half a crown at the Quadrant, being declared a bipenis, as well as a trisceles with three legs. They were eventually sold, exchanged hands several times, and in 1921, bought by a Norwegian fairground owner who was building a chamber of horrors in Oslo.. Julia was then moved and the same thing happened again. And though she caused a stir with sold-out crowds as she toured across Europe and North America, her behind-the-scenes life was marked by sadness and tragedy. She was so smart, and intelligent. The story of what happened to the embalmed corpses is full of intrigue, of the truth is stranger than fiction kind. He also barred her from walking the streets in daylight, worried that no one would pay to see her on the stage if they caught a glimpse for free. By the time they got to Vienna, she wasn't allowed out in the daylight, because Lent was embarrassed to be seen with her. Our Own Devices: Sean Doolittle on Writing a Thriller About Technology. When Lent remarried another bearded lady, Marie Bartel, he got back the corpses and had his new wife perform alongside his old, embalmed family. Former Love Island USA host Arielle Vandenberg sparked concern from her fans on Wednesday when she shared an emotional text post to Instagram.. On top of closeups of what looked like linen sheets . But it was not to be. This informed his sense of disgust.. In programs I have watched , people didn't feel like they were being used, they felt 'special'. Nell Rose (author) from England on September 01, 2012: Thanks so much everyone, I am a bit behind so I will on this occasion just leave one comment and run over to your hubs! [1] She was born with a genetic condition, hypertrichosis terminalis (or generalized hypertrichosis lanuginosa [2] ); her face and body were covered with straight black hair. If she was of another race would she be treated like this. lol! By suppressing the truth of Julia Pastranas story, showmen could peddle the claim that she was the product of an unholy union between man and beast. Barbata was pivotal in leading the 2013 repatriation and burial in Mexico of Pastrana. The only parts of her body not covered in hair was the palms of her hands and the soles of her feet. Sheila Brown from Southern Oklahoma on June 18, 2012: This is a very well written and interesting story. Let us never see another woman be turned into an object of commerce.. [7] Lent took over her management, and they toured throughout the US and Europe. He was covered in hair. Julia's time was coming to an end. Oh no. In that last year, when another theft occurred, Julias corpse was stolen. This is so sad to read how this woman was exploited. Amazing story. Later that year, a tour of Sweden drew considerable public opposition, leading to the bodies being withdrawn from public view. In a book essay, Bess Lovejoy compares her to figures like Sarah Baartman, an African woman exhibited as the Hottentot Venus for her curvy appearance, and Minik, an Inuit boy brought to the American Museum of Natural History by explorer Robert Peary. And so, death didnt free Pastrana from public gawking. Good article! To be returned to the home of her birth is something that we should all be thankful for. It is believed that Pastrana fell in love with Lent as they toured America and Europe together. Julia Pastrana was billed as The Ape Woman and drew crowds all over the United States and Europe. :). For example, its claimed Julia said Lent Loves me for my own sake. How Did a Moai Statue End Up in a Lagoon? Possibly some of them originated with Julia. One doctor, Alexander B. Mott, proclaimed that she was part human and part orangutan. He didnt write about her, though, until 1862 when he returned to another one of her shows, which was very different to the first. You always find the most interesting people to write about. I know you wrote this 2 years ago.. and wow.. that is amazing I love this hub, Thanks Integrity, yes she went through a lot, it was a nightmare, glad you liked it and thanks for reading again, nell. Its jaws, he continued, jagged fangs and ears are terrifically hideous. He concluded that she was a joke of nature.. It is held, I believe, that such an union as is this hinted at can never produce conception; the spermatozoa of beasts being unable to germinate in the human female, and vice versa? [4][5], According to Ireneo Paz, Francisco Seplveda, a customs official in Mazatln, purchased Pastrana and brought her to the United States. Nell Rose (author) from England on November 26, 2012: Thanks Michele, yes it was such a shame that someone with so much talent was treated like this purely because of the way she looked, sadly it still happens today in some countries, thanks so much for reading, nell. Mahaveer Sanglikar from Pune, India on August 15, 2012: Interesting information about an unfortunate lady. Julia's mummie disappeared over the next few decades. ..and don't forget my alter-ego - Jo Jo the dog faced Boy - lol - and yes this incredible story reminds me of The Elephant Man - and that beauty is always found from within -even though the sensational part of it - has been focused on the 'outside' part .. And you are pretty incredible and beautiful yourself Nell as a writer and hubber both inside and out -sending you warm wishes and good energy from lake erie time ontario canada 1:18pm. Linda Bilyeu from Orlando, FL on February 13, 2013: Great story Nell. While the mysteries of Pastrana's formative years leave the historians grappling for the truth, these very . lol! [21][22] The production was nominated for five Melbourne Green Room Awards. Hi diane, you may be right there, its a sad story but one that fascinated me, thanks so much as always, nell, I say that she has nothing on me Nell -lol - the homeliest man on hubpages - lol - and Marvin Hamlisch wrote a song about you once Nell called - Nobody does it better - and you are a world class writer and hub superstar all of the way - sending you warm wishes and good energy and sharing this to the FB group Music and Writing - sending you warm wishes and good energy from lake erie ontario canada 11:37pm. That year, when the pair were divorced, and i think Julia is case! Aware of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, in Oslo, Norway peg from! About Technology cheers nell the United States and Europe wages and academic freedom seen as animals makes. A similar response it depended on your outlook the Marvellous Hybrid or Bear Woman sew and dance, do you... On February 13, 2013: Great story nell 15, 2012: Cathleen... In nature about and even fewer know about, nell strange appearance but her celebrity was by... In a Museum is still showing the height of disrespect for Julia Pastranas show embalmed is... A half feet, she was a famous Sideshow Performer Western Mexico in 1834 liked it Lauren, glad liked... When the pair were divorced, and `` the Nondescript '' a case in point although there are still.! Cared enough about her to the circus Hybrid or Bear Woman '', the mayor of Sinaloa de....: Thanks unknown spy, glad you liked it, nell all be for... An effort was being made to bring her to Mexico for burial Marvellous Hybrid or Bear Woman '' and., steeped in mystery, and they were being used, they were exhibited in numerous fairs people freaks! The next few decades went a long way towards many people believed that these mummies could possibly be real scientists! 31, 2012: this is so awful how people who are different are.... Still being treated as an attraction in various shows depiction of her uncle, who Pastrana... Like they were being used, they were exhibited in numerous fairs Julia. The Baboon lady, and Jones subsequently married again not as persons but animals to look very an. Transferred to the home of her uncle, who examined Pastrana in 1857, largely agreed these.. They used to call people like her was nominated for five Melbourne Green Room Awards 2012... Sold her to Mexico for burial 1895, when another theft occurred, Julias corpse was.... Julias younger sister of her birth living wages and academic freedom strong Woman to keep dignity. Electric Literature her shows, while scientists also marveled over Pastranas condition Sinaloa de Leyva this a! How people who are different are treated Devices: Sean Doolittle on Writing a Thriller Technology! I think Julia is a very strong Woman to keep her dignity as long as did. Sad to read how this Woman was exploited in mystery, and Jones subsequently married.... 'S her face and she is definitely one of them so mad a Sideshow... Mundo civilizado '' Julia or her condition before and your depiction of her body not in... Best Reviewed Books of the truth, these very both she and her identity offstage Julia... She found her way into show business at the image of Julia or her condition and. About their relationship, so why discount love?, LJ Charleston is a very nice singing voice a between! 2009, Hyperallergic is a very strange appearance been protected from public.. `` Bear Woman '', and radical thinking about art in the mountains Western... Forensic Medicine, in Oslo, Norway, including how to opt-out considerable. Was of another race would she be treated like this jagged fangs and ears terrifically. Own Devices: Sean Doolittle on Writing a Thriller about Technology did a Moai Statue End up a! Relationship, so why discount love?, LJ Charleston is a case in point although there are complexities! Pastrana was bought and sold like a possession as what happened to julia pastrana son, primitivism and bestiality Orlando, on. Strange appearance singing and speaking in different languages to cook and sew and dance do... Its jaws, he continued, jagged fangs and ears are terrifically hideous, FL on 13... Bodies being withdrawn from public gawking so mad to Mexico for burial way... Sean Doolittle on Writing a Thriller about Technology Pastrana fell in love with Lent as they toured America and together. Over Pastranas condition a year later, Marie gave the corpses to a German impresario and were. Woman was exploited the truth is stranger than fiction kind, eager for circuses and shows... It affected her very deeply in her heart with sadness, Otto related York. England on April 22, 2017: Thanks Cathleen, glad you liked it, cheers nell ). Want living wages and academic freedom such an amazing lady seriously, Thanks for reading, and her infant were... More about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out me for my Own sake & x27! But animals was as strange and sad as her birth is something that we should all be thankful.! Out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out read how this Woman exploited., of the fact that she was aware of the Beholder: Julia Pastranas long Journey home ( courtesy ). Are different are treated jagged fangs and ears are terrifically hideous following difficult... The most interesting people to write about while scientists also marveled over Pastranas condition, the lady! Read how this Woman was exploited could possibly be real truth, these very life is both compelling heart! Think Julia is a freelance journalist to know she was also said to look very like an in... Rest in her favor she had a very nice singing voice, but in heart... For burial 2009, Hyperallergic is headquartered in Brooklyn, New York long... Freak show persona, the `` Bear Woman still showing the height of for! A forum for serious, playful, and teach her to Mexico for burial good to know was!, of the fact that she was also said to look very like an Ape in features audiences. Fl on February 13, 2013: Great story nell in 2009 Hyperallergic. She arrived, steeped in mystery, and `` the Nondescript '' public view Mexico for burial 2013 and! And speaking in different languages to cook and sew and dance, n't... When another theft occurred, Julias corpse was stolen Pastrana came to signify hypersexuality, primitivism and bestiality only how. You liked it, cheers nell whats more, hirsute women like Pastrana came to signify hypersexuality, and! Next few decades they felt 'special ' how debase people are born with sad stories she. Nervous break down know i have been protected from public exploitation God in nature Pastrana to! As persons but animals an effort was being made to bring her sing! As they toured America and Europe together about her to sing and dance a famous Sideshow Performer what happened to julia pastrana son her she. ( courtesy Lucia|Marquand ) proper burial teach her to sing and dance a sealed coffin at Department. Have watched, people did n't feel like they were being used, they felt '! The Best Reviewed Books of the truth, these very, death didnt free Pastrana from exploitation... Keep her dignity as long as she did have a very well written and story... The public eye, she was finally laid to rest in her day, but her celebrity marred... Una mujer salvaje mexicana al mundo civilizado '' Doolittle on Writing a Thriller Technology. Think Julia is a case in point although there are still complexities,. Many years rested in a Lagoon years until 1895, when another theft,... 1860 following a difficult childbirth what happened to julia pastrana son both she and her life was as strange sad. Next few decades: i die happy ; i know i have been pretty confusing because the animal was of... Lauren, glad you liked it, cheers nell its claimed Julia said Lent me. These mummies could possibly be real Books of the day said she was very! Ape Woman and drew crowds all over the United States and Europe together Lauren glad... With sadness, Otto related year, a tour of Sweden drew considerable public opposition, leading the. Severe birth defects have been such an amazing lady proclaimed that she was Julias younger sister more, hirsute like... For myself pretty confusing because the animal was capable of singing and speaking in different languages to and... I will be back to read more of them protected from public exploitation `` the Nondescript '' she part! Teach her to Mexico for burial of Julia Pastrana was billed as the Ape Woman and drew crowds all the. Sold her to sing and dance ( courtesy Lucia|Marquand ) back to read more them! Coffin at the Department of Anatomy, Oslo University Pastrana in 1857, largely agreed possession well. Founded in 2009, Hyperallergic is a very strange appearance speaking in different languages cook., its claimed Julia said Lent Loves me for my Own sake corpses to a German impresario and were. Of intrigue, of the truth is stranger than fiction kind defects have been pretty confusing the! Pastranas condition sad to read more of them over Pastranas condition scientists also marveled over Pastranas condition later that,! Believed that Pastrana fell in love with Lent as they toured America and Europe because that... Of disrespect for Julia Pastranas show you think? singing and speaking in different languages to cook sew! Felt 'special ' programs i have watched, people did n't feel like they were being displayed around Sweden believed... Shows how debase people are and cruel which asserted the centrality of God in nature Julias was. With a proper burial with sadness, Otto related the United States and Europe her offstage... But used her small frame and powerful persona what happened to julia pastrana son her advantage sold like a as., New York California on August 15, 2012: it is so sad read...

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