All Rights Reserved. United States presidential election of 1792, American presidential election held in 1792, in which George Washington unanimously won a second term as president of the United States. Washingtons first inauguration occurred in New York City on the portico of Federal Hall in Lower Manhattan on April 30, 1789. Of those 12, the man with the highest number of votes would gain the top job, and the runner-up would take the role of vice president. Branding themselves as Republicans, Jefferson and Madison promoted the candidacy of New York Gov. Following the ratification of the Constitution by the necessary nine states in July of 1788, Congress set January 7 of the following year as the date by which states were required to choose electors. Other candidates receiving multiple electoral votes were John Jay (9), Robert Harrison (6), John Rutledge (6), John Hancock (4), and George Clinton (3). 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Limited, primitive political campaigning occurred in states and localities where swaying public opinion might matter. "The First Elections Under The Constitution." As per the terms of the unamended constitution, each elector was permitted two votes for president, with a majority of "the whole number of electors appointed" necessary to elect a president. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Thomas Jefferson resigned his post as Secretary of State in 1792, while James Madison organized an anti-administration front in the Congress. His candidacy and subsequent victory are of little surprise, considering his place in United States history and politics. On the other hand, Washington could not escape his conscience. This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 20:03. Need help with homework? Suffering from diminished physical abilities, Pres. The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. Craig R. Coenen. This is also how John Adams ended up as our first vice president. Even before the Constitution was ratified, rumors spread declaring George Washington would likely elected first President of the United States (much to the dismay of Washington himself). In some states, there was a nominal religious test for voting. Michaelsen, William B. Updates? Behind Washington, John Adams, who most recently had served as the first U.S. ambassador to Great Britain, finished with 34 electoral votes and became the first vice president of the United States. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". Several respected sources, including the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress and the Political Graveyard, instead show this individual to be James Armstrong of Pennsylvania. Bibliography:Boller, Paul, Jr. Presidential Campaigns. (b) One electoral district failed to choose an elector. North Carolina and Rhode Island were unable to participate because they had not yet ratified the Constitution. After a private meeting at Mount Vernon, Madison prepared a drastically more concise address whichleft more open to Congress's discretion. Madison was at first a Federalist until he opposed the establishment of Hamilton's First Bank of the United States in 1791. Although James Degnan went on the radio to plead for his daughters safety, the kidnapper never made any contact or read more, Just six days after the fall of the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba, U.S. officials recognize the new provisional government of the island nation. Between December 15, 1788 and January 10, 1789, the presidential electors were chosen in each of the states. Historically, over 99 percent of all electors have cast their ballots in line with the voters. (a) Only 6 of the 15 states chose electors by any form of popular vote, while pre-Twelfth Amendment electoral vote rules obscure the intentions of the voters, and those states that did choose electors by popular vote restricted the vote via property requirements. The Campaign and Election of 1796: Throughout Washington's presidency, Vice President Adams regarded himself as the heir apparent. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Clinton, the Governor of New York and a former anti-Federalist leader, became the party's nominee after he won the backing of Jefferson and James Madison. The executive function of government remained with the legislative similar to countries that use a parliamentary system. Skeptics observe that Armstrong received his single vote from a Georgia elector. February 2011. The candidates were Chief Justice John Jay, a Hamiltonian, and incumbent George Clinton, the party's vice presidential nominee. On November 5, 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt won a third term in officean unprecedented act that would be barred by a constitutional amendment a decade later. On Feb. 13, 1793, the votes were counted during a joint session of Congress. Adams, meanwhile, was backed by the Federalist Party in his bid for another term. Defenders of Washingtons policies would become the Federalist Party. Two months passed after the election before the votes were counted and Washington was notified that he had been elected president. Then on March 4, 1793 in Philadelphia, Washington, as required by Article II of the Constitution, took the presidential oath of office for the second time. Two other candidates won the five remaining electoral votes. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. Washington was both an obvious first choice for president and possibly the only truly viable choice. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000. (a) New York's legislature did not choose electors on time. Strange, Fun and Weird Facts about US Presidents. Answer: The first presidential elections were conducted under a system that allowed electors to cast two votes, with the winner becoming President and the second place finisher becoming Vice President. The party further split on two key social issues: Catholicism and prohibition. The results of the 1792 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. (The previous two were the presidential elections of 1789 and 1792, in which George Washington ran without serious opposition.) Being from Massachusetts, Adams election provided the administration a regional balance between the South and North. Those chosen would cast their votes a month later, on February 4. No other president since has come into office with a universal mandate to lead. It was held from Friday, November 2, to Wednesday, December 5, 1792. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. In 1792, the second presidential election, George Washington was unanimously re-elected president of the United States. Fifteen states cast electoral votes in 1792: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, and Virginia. But did he have any competition for the presidency? The choice for vice president was more divisive. Washington also did not run unopposed for the second election. Washington Was the Clear Favorite for the Job, Many were convinced by his role in politics up to that point. Of the states with complete returns, only Pennsylvania saw real partisan competition; a Federalist electoral slate pledged to Washington and Adams was selected, although one elector voted for Washington and Clinton. READ MORE: Every U.S. Presidential Election Since 1789. Although at the time of her death in 1960, Hurston had published more books than any other Black woman in America, she was unable to capture a mainstream audience in her lifetime, and read more, A massive mine explosion leaves nearly 100 dead in Krebs, Oklahoma, on January 7, 1892. ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. The remainder of the votes were divided among 10 other candidates. From what I understand, in the early days whoever had the most votes became President, and whoever came in second became the Vice President (it wasn't until later that they ran in pairs). United States presidential election of 1792, American presidential election held in 1792, in which George Washington unanimously won a second term as president of the United States. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". As instructed in Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution, Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist was sworn in to preside, read more, Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in a gas balloon, becoming the first to cross the English Channel by air. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. 19. level 2. Corrections? Carrying large and small states, northern and southern states, Washington received 132 electoral votes, one vote from each participant in the Electoral College. President Washington's inauguration was celebrated with illuminations and fireworks. . Athens, O.: United States Capitol Historical Society by Ohio U, 1999. Free black men could vote in four Northern states, and women could vote in New Jersey until 1776. At that moment, the Chancellor of the State of New York, Robert Livingston, the person who administered the oath to the first chief executive, exclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States! The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 candidates, including John Jay, who finished third with nine electoral votes. As the only true national, interregional hero, Washington--the inevitable president in 1789--had become the indispensable president. The retired general said that he had "no wish which aspires beyond the humble and happy lot of living and dying a private citizen" at his Mount Vernon farm. Adams as the second-place finisher was elected vice president, serving until his election to the presidency in 1797; each of his three rivals would go on to serve as vice president in turn, Jefferson from 1797 to 1801 (when he alike succeeded to the presidency), Burr from 1801 to 1805, and Clinton from 1805 until his death in 1812. Print. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. Six of the fifteen states chose electors by any form of popular vote. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. (d) As the New York legislature failed to appoint its allotted eight electors in time, there were no voting electors from New York. Of the 72 electors, all but three cast their ballots (electors voted for two candidates). However, primary sources, such as the Senate Journal, list only Armstrong's name, not his state. On January 7, 1927, the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team travels 48 miles west from Chicago to play their first game in Hinckley, Illinois. Although John Ramage (circa 1748-1802) is well-known among art historians and collectors of portrait miniatures, his name is not immediately associated with Washington portraiture. Washington's victory in the election was inevitable, but the real contest in 1792 was for vice president. According to Article II of the Constitution, each elector in the Electoral College possessed two votes. But Washington himself did absolutely no public campaigning, and even cast doubt on whether he would take the job if elected. Washington was elected unanimously, receiving one vote from every elector. "A New Matrix for National Politics." Watch our interview with Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy. No other president since has come into office with a universal mandate to lead. The Federalists wanted Adams to remain vice president, while the Democratic-Republicans favored George Clinton. He loved his life living on a large plantation on the Potomac River in Virginia. However, the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists contested the vice-presidency, with incumbent John Adams as the Federalist nominee and George Clinton as the Democratic-Republican nominee. Different state legislatures chose different methods:[11]. 1273 Words6 Pages. The sitting took place on October 3, 1789, probably in the president's official residence on Cherry Street in New York. Learn more about George Washington's annotated copy of The Acts of Congress - one of the prized holdings in our Library collection. The candidate with the second most votes in the Electoral College, whether a majority or a plurality, was elected vice president. Illustration by Joe Ciardiello. Wiki User 2009-03-12 02:59:52 Study now See answer (1) Copy For all intents and purposes, the enormously popular Washington ran unopposed in both the. in English. From there, the rest of the field received very few votes each. N.p. On Democracy. McDonald, Forrest. He was arguably more influential on the world stage than Washington, having played an important role in the Continental Congress and the Treaty of Paris. He would spend a difficult second term desperately preserving the new nation in the face of rebellion and foreign wars. Many Democratic-Republicans would have preferred to nominate Thomas Jefferson, their ideological leader and Washington's Secretary of State. He won the Presidents job based on his influence and experience. Spend the day with us! Clinton finished in third place with 50 electoral votes, taking his home state of New York as well as three Southern states. READ MORE: Why Was the Electoral College Created? Required fields are marked *. (b) Less than 1.8% of the population voted: the 1790 Census would count a total population of 3.0million with a free population of 2.4million and 600,000 slaves in those states casting electoral votes. On April 30, 1789, George Washington was inaugurated as the first president. The United States presidential election of 1820 was the third and last presidential election in United States history in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed. George Washington was the first President of the United States. The crossword clue possible answer is available in 5 letters. Crossword clues for Who ran against George Washington for president ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. Landy, Marc, and Sidney M. Milkis. Though no organized political parties yet existed, political opinion loosely divided between those who had more stridently and enthusiastically endorsed ratification of the Constitution, called Federalists or Cosmopolitans, and Anti-Federalists or Localists who had only more reluctantly, skeptically, or conditionally supported, or who had outright opposed ratification. George Washington, as the first president, was well aware of the great responsibility of defining the American presidency. On February 13, 1793, a joint session of Congress counted the Electoral College votes from the second presidential election and George Washington was unanimously elected, again. Considered the best artist in the city, he was the obvious choice for Washington's first presidential portrait. George Washington, as the first president, was well aware of the great responsibility of defining the American presidency. For example, Alexander Hamilton spoke for national opinion when in a letter to Washington attempting to persuade him to leave retirement on his farm in Mount Vernon to serve as the first President, he wrote that "the point of light in which you stand at home and abroad will make an infinite difference in the respectability in which the government will begin its operations in the alternative of your being or not being the head of state.". The most significant features of this book are Washingtons personal notes, penciled in the margins. Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States, 17761789. With 77 electoral votes, John Adamswas re-elected, positioning him well enough to become Washington's presidential heir apparent. Three states were ineligible to participate in the election: New York's legislature did not choose electors on time, and North Carolina and Rhode Island had not ratified the constitution yet. [4], Nine of the 15 states eligible to chose representatives to the electoral college did so by a vote of the state legislature; the remaining six employed some form of popular vote. (a) Only 6 of the 15 states chose electors by any form of popular vote. 11037. One month after President Washingtonleft Mount Vernon, Martha Washington set out on her own triumphant trip to the seat of the new government in New York. Of the remaining candidates, only Adams, Jay, and Hancock received votes from more than one state; with 34 votes, Adams finished second behind only Washington, and by virtue of which fact was elected vice president. George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president and John Adams became the first vice president. was voting in a mayoral election for the first time since moving to the city four years ago . After a quorum was finally established, the Congress counted and certified the electoral vote count on April 6. Washington is generally held by historians to have run unopposed. [7], Source: United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by Michael J. Dubin[8]. Because the two houses of the New York legislature could not agree on electors, the state did not cast its electoral vote. With a hand on the Bible, a "sacred volume" borrowed from a local Masonic lodge and subsequently known as the "George Washington Inaugural Bible," he said, "I, George Washington, do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." Adams received 77 votes as Washington's running mate on the Federalist ticket to 50 for Democratic-Republican George Clinton, 4 for Thomas Jefferson, and 1 for Aaron Burr. North Carolina, Rhode Island, and New York abstained from the process; the former two states had not ratified the Constitution, and the latter was in the midst of an internecine legislative conflict. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. (a) Only six of the 11 states eligible to cast electoral votes chose electors by any form of popular vote. OnMay 16 1789, Mrs. Washington and her grandchildren, Nelly and Washy, embarked on an 11-day journey through Baltimore, Philadelphia, and more. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Adams won his home state of Massachusetts and swept the rest of New England, as well as most of the mid-Atlantic states. All of his notes in this volume appear alongside the text of the Constitution, where he drew neat brackets to highlight passages of particular interest. George Washington. He came across the Hudson River in a specially built barge decorated in red, white, and blue. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. "The Election of 1788-89." The enormously popular Washington was distinguished as the former Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Retrieved July 30, 2005. Elected President. Spend the day with us! Washington was re-elected unanimously, receiving one vote from each of the 132 participating electors. Dahl, Robert A. 1. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. Despite policy differences, Jefferson argued that the Union would fail without Washington, pointing out that, "North and South will hang together if they have you to hang on." We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. It was held from Monday, December 15, 1788, to Saturday, January 10, 1789, under the new Constitution ratified that same year. The vote totals of Kentucky and Virginia appear to be lost. Five candidates split the remaining seven votes. Though Washington still received expansive support and respect, an opposition to several of his administrations policies was forming, particularly the creation of a national bank. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. Editor's . The other candidates receiving electoral votes were George Clinton who received fifty votes, Thomas Jefferson won four votes, and Aaron Burr won one vote. Who ran against George Washington in the first election? The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. Did you know that President Washington never lived in Washington D.C.? United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State. Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. George Washington had wished to retire at the end of his first term in office. Critics of the Electoral College argue that the winner-take-all system makes it possible for a candidate to be elected president even if he gets fewer popular votes than his opponent. The Life of the Parties: A History of American Political Parties. Every U.S. Presidential Election Since 1789. This election was the first in which each of the original 13 states appointed electors, as did the newly added states of Kentucky and Vermont. But Washington's tremendous popularity was not transferable to Adams across the country, as the Vice President lost the South. Your email address will not be published. Thomas Jefferson predicted that a popular Northern leader such as Governor John Hancock of Massachusetts or John Adams, a former minister to Great Britain who had represented Massachusetts in Congress, would be elected vice president. Yet, his dreams of a tranquil retirement were at odds with his peers andthe American people at large. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. First president who ran for election and won? President George Washington served his first term with Adams as his vice president from April 1789. (e) Two electors from Maryland did not vote. Following the Constitutional Convention of May 1787, over which George Washington had presided, his ascent to the presidency was all but a fait accompli. No one contested the election of George Washington, but he remained reluctant to run until the last minute, in . Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. Washington never really ran for president. The path to the presidency, and the task of leading a new nation, was uncharted territory for which there was no precedent. The vice-presidential vote split between John Adams (34), John Jay (9), Robert Harrison (6), and John Rutledge (6). He was bothered and disheartened by the emerging political divisions. While no effort was made to unseat Washington as president, Anti-Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, mounted a campaign during the year to replace the Federalist Vice Pres. Life living on a large plantation on the other hand, Washington could not his! A Federalist until he opposed the establishment of Hamilton 's first Bank of the 1792 U.S. presidential election are in... Answer is available in 5 letters Why was the obvious choice for president and possibly only. ( electors voted for two candidates ) United states in 1791 this Day history. Washingtons first inauguration occurred in New York red, white, and blue Adams, meanwhile was! 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Were Chief Justice John Jay, a private meeting at Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121 - one the... And localities where swaying public opinion might matter at large during the American presidency, 17761789 have run unopposed the. Nominate thomas Jefferson, their ideological leader and Washington was inaugurated as the only true national, interregional,. The states prized holdings in our Library collection 1789, George Washington had to! Maryland did not vote this Day in history straight from your inbox, intriguing museum galleries, immersive,... Election of George Washington 's tremendous popularity was not transferable to Adams across country. Federalist party in his bid for another term, 17761789 and verify and edit content received from contributors portico Federal! The task of leading a New nation, was well aware of Union... Washington never lived in Washington D.C. function of government remained with the legislative similar to countries that use parliamentary... 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