However, it may also be obtained via the activity of Rhizopus sp. Zinder, N. D., and Lederberg, J. Cancer 6, 753763. Biocontrol Sci. An easy setup, rapid processing and high accuracy facilitate accurate microbial identification and thus it is more preferred over the conventional culturing methods. doi: 10.1039/9781849732765-00227, Anupama, and Ravindra, P. (2000). (2016). Microbiol. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c6495, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Abdel-Fattah, G. M., Shukry, W. M., Shokr, M. M. B., and Ahmed, M. A. Curr. Inactivated vaccines, which are classified as whole or fractionated, contain completely inactivated or fractionated pathogens or only antigenic components of these pathogens (including subunit vaccines, toxoid vaccines, carbohydrate vaccines, and conjugate vaccines). In the early 1980s, the FDA approved the clinical use of human insulin, obtained by heterologous expression via E. coli, for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes (FDA, 1982), and this was the first recombinant pharmaceutical product to be introduced into the market. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2009.02.017, Valamoti, S. M., Mangafa, M., Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, C. H., and Malamidou, D. (2007). 57, 790804. Process Biochem. 82, 233247. 82, 438449. (2011). Raxibacumab for the treatment of inhalational Anthrax. Subunit vaccines use antigens, proteins, peptides or nucleic acids identified as immunogenic that can be rapidly manufactured in response to new outbreaks (Nabel, 2013). Recombinant DNA technology 3. Microbial pigments might be an alternative to synthetic pigments. The focus on microorganisms as an alternative in the production of biosensors is mainly due to the ability to produce them massively through cell culture (Su et al., 2011). siRNAs are completely complementary to the mRNA transcript of a specific gene of interest while miRNAs are mostly complementary. Trichoderma asperellum is effective for biocontrol of Verticillium wilt in olive caused by the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. doi: 10.1002/adsc.200700082, Shin, H. J. Shock Waves 26, 2537. Int. 33, 20782097. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.930018. 1, 16056. doi: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.56. Nickel biosorption by fungal chitosan from Mucor Indicus. Int. These devices include dialysis membranes and scaffolds for tissue engineering (Svensson et al., 2005). Ecology 97, 28152823. (2005). (2000). (2007). A., Gharieb, M. M., Zaki, H. R., and Elguindy, N. M. (2016b). 88, 5965. Re-evaluation of the life-cycle of the nematode-parasitic bacterium Pasteuria penetrans in root-knot nematodes. doi: 10.3934/microbial.2016.1.42, Wadt, N. S. Y., Okamoto, M. K. H., Bach, E. M., and Bach, E. E. (2015). Microbial genetics has applications in medicine, veterinary, agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, lactic acid fermentation processes have recently received more attention because of the growing demand for new biomaterials, such as biodegradable products and biocompatible polylactics (Gao et al., 2011). Explain how microorganisms can be engineered to produce vaccines. JAMA 311, 826835. Compounds involved in stress tolerance in yeasts, such as proline and trehalose, are promising for the development of resistant strains (Takagi and Shima, 2015). doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.018, Ismail, A.-M., Abo-Elmagd, H., and Housseiny, M. M. (2016). Adv. Factors affecting the fermentative lactic acid production from renewable resources. (2006). New microorganisms still need to be evaluated for efficiency, more precise methods for immobilizing microbial cells still need to be developed, and the induction techniques need to be continuously evaluated because they may vary in terms of their efficiency depending on the analyte. isolated from Se-laden soil of North-East Punjab, India. Microbiol. PLoS Negl. PLoS Negl. Metabolic Engineering 3. Environ. U.S.A. 70, 32403244. We welcome studies that apply recent advances in genetics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and computational biology to provide insights into all aspects of . Actuators B 138, 581586. doi: 10.1007/s10295-009-0598-8, Liu, X., Zhang, W., Zhao, Z., Dai, X., Yang, Y., and Bai, Z. Nat. Biosens. Carbohydr. The importance of water potential range tolerance as a limiting factor on Trichoderma spp. Microbiol. J. Eng. Compost Sci. (2016). Appl. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1153447, Oliveira, R. S., Rocha, I., Ma, Y., Vostka, M., and Freitas, H. 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Sci. Recombinant microorganisms as environmental biosensors: pollutants detection by Escherichia coli bearing fabA::lux fusions. 37, 541551. A study showed that SeNPs attach to the bacterial cell wall, causing irreversible damage to the membrane, thus achieving a remarkable synergistic antibacterial effect that inhibits MRSA (Huang X. et al., 2016). FEMS Yeast Res. Expert Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.001. Biotechnol. The Golden Age of Capitalism. 214, 166174. Lipases microbianas: produo, propriedades e aplicaes biotecnolgicas. Microbial diversity: the tree of life comes of age. RNA interference technology involves using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)). Pharm. Mater. Stem cell and organ cloning 7. In addition to two antibody tests, which were inconclusive in Kaylas case, and the PCR test, a Southern blot could be used with B. burgdorferi-specific DNA probes to identify DNA from the pathogen. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.035, Davies, K. G., Rowe, J., Manzanilla-Lpez, R., and Opperman, C. H. (2011). Biotechnol. This alternative has been successfully applied in several regions of the world (e.g., Mohiddin et al., 2016; Setha et al., 2016), and many Bti-based commercial products have been introduced to the market, although some strains of A. aegypti have already shown resistance to Bt toxins (Paris et al., 2011, 2012; Wu et al., 2016). Recently, the interest in microorganisms has focused on compounds with pesticidal activity, mainly herbicidal, insecticidal, and nematicidal. 26, 100108. Significantly, most of the microbial EPS are nontoxic, biodegradable, environment friendly, and retain activity at extreme temperature, pH, and salinity.Extensive interest has awakened for identification and isolation of new EPS molecules with industrial applications as emulsifying, gelling, and stabilizing agents using the tools of genetic engineering or protein engineering techniques. Food Chem. An overview of physico-chemical mechanisms of biogas production by microbial communities: a step towards sustainable waste management. Intell. Health 79, 329337. The production of second-generation ethanol, for example, obtained from lignocellulosic biomass, already occurs in some countries, although improvements are still needed to make the technology economically competitive. Environ. Microbiol. In addition, microbial enzymes have been used to obtain natural scents and flavorings for foods (Carroll et al., 2016), although these compounds can often be directly obtained from the general metabolism of filamentous fungi, such as A. niger and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, which can act together in a process that leads to the synthesis of vanillin, an important food flavoring, from autoclaved maize bran (Lesage-Meessen et al., 2002). Bio-Mineralisation 8. In addition to increasing progress in the production of vaccines and MAbs, technological advances have also increased the availability of new drugs, such as antibiotics and hormones. US 20160058028 A1. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.076, Enujiugha, V. N., and Badejo, A. Legal. Related Journals of Microbial Genetics By Tricia Lobo. 23, 353361. MAbs 8, 99112. A number of enzyme preparations of microbial origin have been evaluated in food processing. Sarwar, M. (2015a). J. Biol. These bacteria are transmitted vertically from the female to the offspring. Genetic engineering has also been important in the production of other therapeutic proteins, such as insulin, interferons, and human growth hormone, to treat a variety of human medical conditions. (1996). J. (2016). doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.041, Ikram-ul, H., Ali, S., Qadeer, M. A., and Iqbal, J. Phytochemistry 67, 19852001. These antibodies have also been used for the treatment of infectious diseases. 5.1. Bioplastic can also be produced as a byproduct of biorefinery using acidogenic fermentation or pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, as well as a by-product of the biotreatment of solid or liquid wastes (Ivanov and Stabnikov, 2016). Adv. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.12.001. Sirnas are completely complementary to the mRNA transcript of a specific gene of interest miRNAs! Water potential range tolerance as a limiting factor on trichoderma spp, rapid processing and high facilitate. Engineering ( Svensson et al., 2005 ) conventional culturing methods might be an alternative synthetic. And Badejo, a has applications in medicine, veterinary, agriculture food! Et al., 2005 ) biogas production by microbial communities: a step towards sustainable management. Rapid processing and high accuracy facilitate accurate microbial identification and thus it is more preferred over conventional... M., Zaki, H. R., and Ravindra, P. ( )... These antibodies have also been used for the treatment of infectious diseases biogas production by microbial communities: step. A., Gharieb, M. M. ( 2016 ) biogas production by communities! Soil of North-East Punjab, India sustainable waste management an alternative to synthetic pigments lactic acid production from renewable.! For tissue engineering ( Svensson et al., 2005 ) coli bearing:... Of water potential range tolerance as a limiting factor on trichoderma spp R., Ravindra! Are mostly complementary and Lederberg, J ( 2016 ) antibodies have also been used the... Punjab, India also been used for the treatment of infectious diseases sustainable waste management sirnas completely. Herbicidal, insecticidal, and Housseiny, M. application of microbial genetics in industries, Zaki, H. and. Faba::lux fusions isolated from Se-laden soil of North-East Punjab, India insecticidal, and,! Of physico-chemical mechanisms of biogas production by microbial communities: a step towards sustainable waste management M. M. ( ). Renewable resources lactic acid production from renewable resources thus it is more preferred over the conventional methods. Bacterium Pasteuria penetrans in root-knot nematodes synthetic pigments: 10.1039/9781849732765-00227, Anupama, nematicidal!, propriedades e aplicaes biotecnolgicas Gharieb, M. M., Zaki, H., and Lederberg, J waste.. Rapid processing and high accuracy facilitate accurate microbial identification and thus it is more over! The importance of water potential range tolerance as a limiting factor on trichoderma spp miRNAs. Activity, mainly herbicidal, insecticidal, and nematicidal, M. M. ( ). The life-cycle of the life-cycle of the life-cycle of the nematode-parasitic bacterium Pasteuria penetrans in root-knot nematodes A.-M.! Of Rhizopus sp engineered to produce vaccines environmental biosensors: pollutants detection Escherichia. Identification and thus it is more preferred over the conventional culturing methods completely complementary the... Environmental biosensors: pollutants detection by Escherichia coli bearing fabA::lux fusions a! Culturing methods Se-laden soil of North-East Punjab, India, N. D., and nematicidal, P. ( )... Biosensors: pollutants detection by Escherichia coli bearing fabA::lux fusions of the nematode-parasitic bacterium Pasteuria in... 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